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---
name: sql
description: SQL and database best practices including query optimization, indexing, and schema design.
globs: ["**/*.sql", "**/migrations/**", "**/prisma/**", "**/drizzle/**"]
priority: 80
tags: ["database"]
---
# SQL Best Practices
## Query Writing
- Use parameterized queries (prevent SQL injection)
- Select only needed columns (avoid SELECT *)
- Use appropriate JOINs
- Add WHERE clauses to limit results
- Use EXPLAIN to analyze queries
## Indexing
- Index columns used in WHERE/JOIN/ORDER BY
- Use composite indexes for multi-column queries
- Don't over-index (slows writes)
- Consider covering indexes
- Monitor index usage
## Schema Design
- Use appropriate data types
- Add constraints (NOT NULL, UNIQUE, FK)
- Normalize to 3NF, denormalize for performance
- Use UUIDs for distributed systems
- Add created_at/updated_at columns
## Transactions
- Keep transactions short
- Use appropriate isolation levels
- Handle deadlocks gracefully
- Use optimistic locking when appropriate
## Migrations
- Make migrations reversible
- Test migrations on copy of prod data
- Use small, focused migrations
- Never modify existing migrations
- Back up before migrating
## Performance
- Use connection pooling
- Implement pagination
- Cache frequent queries
- Use read replicas
- Monitor slow queries
