notebooklm

---
name: notebooklm
description: Complete API for Google NotebookLM - full programmatic access including features not in the web UI. Create notebooks, add sources, generate all artifact types, download in multiple formats. Activates on explicit /notebooklm or intent like "create a podcast about X"
---

# NotebookLM Automation

Complete programmatic access to Google NotebookLM—including capabilities not exposed in the web UI. Create notebooks, add sources (URLs, YouTube, PDFs, audio, video, images), chat with content, generate all artifact types, and download results in multiple formats.

## Installation

**From PyPI (Recommended for AI agents — Python-version-aware):**
```bash
pip install "notebooklm-py[browser]"   # mandatory; errors must propagate

# [cookies] (rookiepy) is optional and known to FAIL TO BUILD on Python 3.13+.
# Skip it deliberately on 3.13+ rather than swallowing the error — that lets
# *real* install failures (typos, network, PyPI outages) surface for the agent.
if python -c "import sys; sys.exit(0 if sys.version_info < (3, 13) else 1)"; then
    pip install "notebooklm-py[cookies]"   # errors propagate
else
    echo "Skipping [cookies] on Python 3.13+ (rookiepy unavailable). Use 'notebooklm login' interactively."
fi
```

> Full install matrix (extras, headless servers, contributor flow): [Installation guide on GitHub](https://github.com/teng-lin/notebooklm-py/blob/main/docs/installation.md).

**From GitHub (use latest release tag, NOT main branch):**
```bash
# Get the latest release tag (using curl)
LATEST_TAG=$(curl -s https://api.github.com/repos/teng-lin/notebooklm-py/releases/latest | grep '"tag_name"' | cut -d'"' -f4)
# Includes [browser] so the interactive `notebooklm login` flow works.
pip install "notebooklm-py[browser] @ git+https://github.com/teng-lin/notebooklm-py@${LATEST_TAG}"
```

⚠️ **DO NOT install from main branch** (`pip install git+https://github.com/teng-lin/notebooklm-py`). The main branch may contain unreleased/unstable changes. Always use PyPI or a specific release tag, unless you are testing unreleased features.

**Skill install methods:**

- `notebooklm skill install` installs this skill into the supported local agent directories managed by the CLI.
- `npx skills add teng-lin/notebooklm-py` installs this skill from the GitHub repository into compatible agent skill directories.
- If you are already reading this file inside an agent skill directory, the skill is already installed. You only need the Python package and authentication below.

**CLI-managed install:**
```bash
notebooklm skill install
```

## Prerequisites

**IMPORTANT:** Before using any command, you MUST authenticate:

```bash
notebooklm login          # Opens browser for Google OAuth
notebooklm list           # Verify authentication works
```

If commands fail with authentication errors, re-run `notebooklm login`.

### CI/CD, Multiple Accounts, and Parallel Agents

For automated environments, multiple accounts, or parallel agent workflows:

| Variable | Purpose |
|----------|---------|
| `NOTEBOOKLM_HOME` | Custom config directory (default: `~/.notebooklm`) |
| `NOTEBOOKLM_PROFILE` | Active profile name (default: `default`) |
| `NOTEBOOKLM_AUTH_JSON` | Inline auth JSON - no file writes needed |

**CI/CD setup:** Set `NOTEBOOKLM_AUTH_JSON` from a secret containing your `storage_state.json` contents.

**Multiple accounts:** Use named profiles (`notebooklm profile create work`, then `notebooklm -p work login`). Alternatively, use different `NOTEBOOKLM_HOME` directories per account.

**Parallel agents:** The CLI stores notebook context per profile (`~/.notebooklm/profiles/<profile>/context.json`, with a legacy fallback to `~/.notebooklm/context.json` for the implicit default profile). Multiple concurrent agents that share a profile and use `notebooklm use` can overwrite each other's context — use one of the isolation strategies below.

**Solutions for parallel workflows:**
1. **Always use explicit notebook ID** (recommended): Pass `-n <notebook_id>` (for `wait`/`download` commands) or `--notebook <notebook_id>` (for others) instead of relying on `use`
2. **Per-agent isolation via profiles:** `export NOTEBOOKLM_PROFILE=agent-$ID` (each profile gets its own context file)
3. **Per-agent isolation via home:** Set unique `NOTEBOOKLM_HOME` per agent: `export NOTEBOOKLM_HOME=/tmp/agent-$ID`
4. **Use full UUIDs:** Avoid partial IDs in automation (they can become ambiguous)

## Agent Setup Verification

Before starting workflows, verify auth is in place. **Use `--test --json` (not bare `--json`)** — bare `--json` only proves the cookie file parses; `--test` makes a network call and proves the cookies still authenticate against Google.

1. `notebooklm auth check --test --json` → require BOTH `"status": "ok"` AND `"checks.token_fetch": true`. Bare `"status": "ok"` (without `--test`) is a false-positive trap — a stale cookie file passes the parse check.
2. `notebooklm list --json` → expect valid JSON (may be empty for new accounts).
3. **If auth fails or is missing → run `notebooklm login` first.** This is the primary auth path: opens a browser, the user signs in to Google once, and the resulting `storage_state.json` is reused on every subsequent run. Works on any environment with a display.
   - For headless contexts where opening a browser is not feasible, use `notebooklm login --browser-cookies <browser>` instead — extracts the user's already-logged-in cookies from Chrome/Firefox/etc. (requires the `[cookies]` extra; rookiepy may not install on Python 3.13+). Use `chrome::<profile-name-or-directory>` to target one Chromium user-profile, or `firefox::<container-name>` / `firefox::none` to target one Firefox container.
   - To survey signed-in Google accounts before picking one: `notebooklm auth inspect --browser <browser>` (read-only; pass `-v` to see which Chromium user-profile each account came from, or `--json` for tooling). Scoped forms such as `notebooklm auth inspect --browser 'chrome::Profile 1'` inspect only that browser profile.
   - Re-run step 1 after login to confirm.
4. **If auth was working but cookies went stale** (Google rotated SIDTS, or you signed in fresh in the browser) **→ refresh the active profile in place instead of full re-login:**
   - `notebooklm auth refresh` — server-side SIDTS refresh against the existing `storage_state.json`. Cheap and silent; safe to run on a schedule (cron / launchd / systemd) at 15–20 min cadence to keep an unattended profile warm.
   - `notebooklm auth refresh --browser-cookies <browser>` — re-extract cookies from a running browser and match them back to the profile's recorded email in `context.json`. Use when the on-disk `storage_state.json` is too stale for the server-side refresh path but you've just signed back into Google in the browser. For Chromium-family browsers with multiple user-profiles (Chrome's `Default`, `Profile 1`, …), refresh fans out across all profiles to find the email — same path as `auth inspect` (issue #571). Use `chrome::<profile-name-or-directory>` when you already know the exact browser profile.
   - Both forms preserve the same `--profile` (no new profile is created).

> **Note:** `notebooklm status` reports *context state* (selected notebook); do not use it to verify auth.

## When This Skill Activates

**Explicit:** User says "/notebooklm", "use notebooklm", or mentions the tool by name

**Intent detection:** Recognize requests like:
- "Create a podcast about [topic]"
- "Summarize these URLs/documents"
- "Generate a quiz from my research"
- "Turn this into an audio overview"
- "Create flashcards for studying"
- "Generate a video explainer"
- "Make an infographic"
- "Create a mind map of the concepts"
- "Download the quiz as markdown"
- "Add these sources to NotebookLM"

## Autonomy Rules

**Run automatically (no confirmation):**
- `notebooklm status` - check context
- `notebooklm auth check` - diagnose auth issues
- `notebooklm auth inspect` - list Google accounts visible to a browser (read-only)
- `notebooklm auth refresh` - server-side SIDTS refresh of the active profile (no new profile, no destructive writes)
- `notebooklm auth refresh --browser-cookies <browser>` - re-extract cookies from a browser into the active profile (rebuilds `storage_state.json` for the same `--profile`, not a new one)
- `notebooklm list` - list notebooks
- `notebooklm source list` - list sources
- `notebooklm artifact list` - list artifacts
- `notebooklm language list` - list supported languages
- `notebooklm language get` - get current language
- `notebooklm language set` - set language (global setting)
- `notebooklm artifact wait` - wait for artifact completion (in subagent context)
- `notebooklm source wait` - wait for source processing (in subagent context)
- `notebooklm research status` - check research status
- `notebooklm research wait` - wait for research (in subagent context)
- `notebooklm use <id>` - set context (⚠️ SINGLE-AGENT ONLY - use `-n` flag in parallel workflows)
- `notebooklm create` - create notebook
- `notebooklm ask "..."` - chat queries (without `--save-as-note`)
- `notebooklm history` - display conversation history (read-only)
- `notebooklm source add` - add sources
- `notebooklm profile list` - list profiles
- `notebooklm profile create` - create profile
- `notebooklm profile switch` - switch active profile
- `notebooklm doctor` - check environment health

**Ask before running:**
- `notebooklm delete` - destructive
- `notebooklm generate *` - long-running, may fail
- `notebooklm download *` - writes to filesystem
- `notebooklm artifact wait` - long-running (when in main conversation)
- `notebooklm source wait` - long-running (when in main conversation)
- `notebooklm research wait` - long-running (when in main conversation)
- `notebooklm ask "..." --save-as-note` - writes a note
- `notebooklm history --save` - writes a note

## Quick Reference

| Task | Command |
|------|---------|
| Authenticate | `notebooklm login` |
| Authenticate from browser cookies | `notebooklm login --browser-cookies <browser>` |
| Authenticate from one Chromium profile | `notebooklm login --browser-cookies 'chrome::Profile 1'` |
| Authenticate from one Firefox container | `notebooklm login --browser-cookies 'firefox::Work'` |
| Import every signed-in account into its own profile | `notebooklm login --browser-cookies <browser> --all-accounts` |
| Inspect signed-in accounts (read-only, by email) | `notebooklm auth inspect --browser <browser>` |
| Inspect one browser profile/container | `notebooklm auth inspect --browser 'chrome::Profile 1'` |
| Diagnose auth issues | `notebooklm auth check` |
| Diagnose auth (full) | `notebooklm auth check --test` |
| Refresh active profile in place (server-side) | `notebooklm auth refresh` |
| Refresh active profile from a re-signed-in browser | `notebooklm auth refresh --browser-cookies <browser>` |
| Refresh from one Chromium profile | `notebooklm auth refresh --browser-cookies 'chrome::Profile 1'` |
| One-shot cookie keepalive (for cron) | `notebooklm auth refresh --quiet` |
| List notebooks | `notebooklm list` |
| Create notebook | `notebooklm create "Title"` |
| Set context | `notebooklm use <notebook_id>` |
| Show context | `notebooklm status` |
| Add URL source | `notebooklm source add "https://..."` |
| Add file | `notebooklm source add ./file.pdf` |
| Add YouTube | `notebooklm source add "https://youtube.com/..."` |
| List sources | `notebooklm source list` |
| Delete source by ID | `notebooklm source delete <source_id>` |
| Delete source by exact title | `notebooklm source delete-by-title "Exact Title"` |
| Wait for source processing | `notebooklm source wait <source_id>` |
| Web research (fast) | `notebooklm source add-research "query"` |
| Web research (deep) | `notebooklm source add-research "query" --mode deep --no-wait` |
| Web research (query from file) | `notebooklm source add-research --prompt-file research_query.txt --mode deep` |
| Check research status | `notebooklm research status` |
| Wait for research | `notebooklm research wait --import-all` |
| Chat | `notebooklm ask "question"` |
| Chat (long prompt from file) | `notebooklm ask --prompt-file question.txt` |
| Chat (specific sources) | `notebooklm ask "question" -s src_id1 -s src_id2` |
| Chat (with references) | `notebooklm ask "question" --json` |
| Chat (save answer as note) | `notebooklm ask "question" --save-as-note` |
| Chat (save with title) | `notebooklm ask "question" --save-as-note --note-title "Title"` |
| Show conversation history | `notebooklm history` |
| Save all history as note | `notebooklm history --save` |
| Continue specific conversation | `notebooklm ask "question" -c <conversation_id>` |
| Save history with title | `notebooklm history --save --note-title "My Research"` |
| Get source fulltext | `notebooklm source fulltext <source_id>` |
| Get source guide | `notebooklm source guide <source_id>` |
| Generate podcast | `notebooklm generate audio "instructions"` |
| Generate (long prompt from file) | `notebooklm generate audio --prompt-file instructions.txt` |
| Generate podcast (JSON) | `notebooklm generate audio --json` |
| Generate podcast (specific sources) | `notebooklm generate audio -s src_id1 -s src_id2` |
| Generate video | `notebooklm generate video "instructions"` |
| Generate report | `notebooklm generate report --format briefing-doc` |
| Generate report (append instructions) | `notebooklm generate report --format study-guide --append "Target audience: beginners"` |
| Generate quiz | `notebooklm generate quiz` |
| Revise a slide | `notebooklm generate revise-slide "prompt" --artifact <id> --slide 0` |
| Check artifact status | `notebooklm artifact list` |
| Wait for completion | `notebooklm artifact wait <artifact_id>` |
| Download audio | `notebooklm download audio ./output.mp3` |
| Download video | `notebooklm download video ./output.mp4` |
| Download slide deck (PDF) | `notebooklm download slide-deck ./slides.pdf` |
| Download slide deck (PPTX) | `notebooklm download slide-deck ./slides.pptx --format pptx` |
| Download report | `notebooklm download report ./report.md` |
| Download mind map | `notebooklm download mind-map ./map.json` |
| Download data table | `notebooklm download data-table ./data.csv` |
| Download quiz | `notebooklm download quiz quiz.json` |
| Download quiz (markdown) | `notebooklm download quiz --format markdown quiz.md` |
| Download flashcards | `notebooklm download flashcards cards.json` |
| Download flashcards (markdown) | `notebooklm download flashcards --format markdown cards.md` |
| Delete notebook | `notebooklm delete -n <id>` |
| List languages | `notebooklm language list` |
| Get language | `notebooklm language get` |
| Set language | `notebooklm language set zh_Hans` |
| List profiles | `notebooklm profile list` |
| Create profile | `notebooklm profile create work` |
| Switch profile | `notebooklm profile switch work` |
| Delete profile | `notebooklm profile delete old` |
| Rename profile | `notebooklm profile rename old new` |
| Use profile (one-off) | `notebooklm -p work list` |
| Health check | `notebooklm doctor` |
| Health check (auto-fix) | `notebooklm doctor --fix` |

**Parallel safety:** Use explicit notebook IDs in parallel workflows. Commands supporting `-n` shorthand: `artifact wait`, `source wait`, `research wait/status`, `download *`. Download commands also support `-a/--artifact`. Other commands use `--notebook`. For chat, use `-c <conversation_id>` to target a specific conversation.

**Partial IDs:** Use first 6+ characters of UUIDs. Must be unique prefix (fails if ambiguous). Works for ID-based commands such as `use`, `source delete`, and `wait`. For exact source-title deletion, use `source delete-by-title "Title"`. For automation, prefer full UUIDs to avoid ambiguity.

## Command Output Formats

Commands with `--json` return structured data for parsing:

**Create notebook:**
```bash
$ notebooklm create "Research" --json
{"notebook": {"id": "abc123de-...", "title": "Research", "created_at": null}}
# parse with: jq -r .notebook.id
```

**Add source:**
```bash
$ notebooklm source add "https://example.com" --json
{"source": {"id": "def456...", "title": "Example", "type": "SourceType.WEB_PAGE", "url": "https://example.com"}}
# parse with: jq -r .source.id
# Note: no `status` field on add — use `source list --json` or `source wait` to check processing state.
```

**Generate artifact:**
```bash
$ notebooklm generate audio "Focus on key points" --json
{"task_id": "xyz789...", "status": "pending"}
# When run with --wait, completed status also includes a `url` field.
```

**Chat with references:**
```bash
$ notebooklm ask "What is X?" --json
{"answer": "X is... [1] [2]", "conversation_id": "...", "turn_number": 1, "is_follow_up": false, "references": [{"source_id": "abc123...", "citation_number": 1, "cited_text": "Relevant passage from source..."}, {"source_id": "def456...", "citation_number": 2, "cited_text": "Another passage..."}]}
```

**Source fulltext (get indexed content):**
```bash
$ notebooklm source fulltext <source_id> --json
{"source_id": "...", "title": "...", "content": "Full indexed text...", "_type_code": null, "url": null, "char_count": 12345}
```

**Understanding citations:** The `cited_text` in references is often a snippet or section header, not the full quoted passage. The `start_char`/`end_char` positions reference NotebookLM's internal chunked index, not the raw fulltext. Use `SourceFulltext.find_citation_context()` to locate citations:
```python
fulltext = await client.sources.get_fulltext(notebook_id, ref.source_id)
matches = fulltext.find_citation_context(ref.cited_text)  # Returns list[(context, position)]
if matches:
    context, pos = matches[0]  # First match; check len(matches) > 1 for duplicates
```

**Extract IDs:** Singular endpoints wrap their result in an envelope —
parse `.notebook.id` (from `create`), `.source.id` (from `source add`),
or `.task_id` (from `generate *`). The chat `--json` references list uses
`.references[].source_id`.

## Generation Types

All generate commands support:
- `-s, --source` to use specific source(s) instead of all sources
- `--language` to set output language (defaults to configured language or 'en')
- `--json` for machine-readable output (returns `task_id` and `status`)
- `--retry N` to automatically retry on rate limits with exponential backoff (supported on all subcommands **except** `mind-map`)
- `--prompt-file PATH` to read description/query from a file (supported on `ask`, `generate` subcommands except `mind-map`, and `source add-research`; mutually exclusive with positional argument; use for long prompts)

| Type | Command | Options | Download |
|------|---------|---------|----------|
| Podcast | `generate audio` | `--format [deep-dive\|brief\|critique\|debate]`, `--length [short\|default\|long]` | .mp3 |
| Video | `generate video` | `--format [explainer\|brief]`, `--style [auto\|classic\|whiteboard\|kawaii\|anime\|watercolor\|retro-print\|heritage\|paper-craft]` | .mp4 |
| Slide Deck | `generate slide-deck` | `--format [detailed\|presenter]`, `--length [default\|short]` (²) | .pdf / .pptx |
| Slide Revision | `generate revise-slide "prompt" --artifact <id> --slide N` | `--wait`, `--notebook` | *(re-downloads parent deck)* |
| Infographic | `generate infographic` | `--orientation [landscape\|portrait\|square]`, `--detail [concise\|standard\|detailed]`, `--style [auto\|sketch-note\|professional\|bento-grid\|editorial\|instructional\|bricks\|clay\|anime\|kawaii\|scientific]` | .png |
| Report | `generate report` | `--format [briefing-doc\|study-guide\|blog-post\|custom]`, `--append "extra instructions"` (¹) | .md |
| Mind Map | `generate mind-map` | *(sync, instant)* | .json |
| Data Table | `generate data-table` | description required | .csv |
| Quiz | `generate quiz` | `--difficulty [easy\|medium\|hard]`, `--quantity [fewer\|standard\|more]` | .json/.md/.html |
| Flashcards | `generate flashcards` | `--difficulty [easy\|medium\|hard]`, `--quantity [fewer\|standard\|more]` | .json/.md/.html |

¹ `--append` only customizes the built-in templates. With `--format custom`, pass the prompt as the positional `DESCRIPTION` argument (`notebooklm generate report "PROMPT" --format custom`); `--append` is silently ignored in that mode (the CLI prints a warning).

² **Portrait / vertical slide decks via prompt.** Slide-deck has no `--orientation` flag (unlike infographic). Treat portrait decks as skill-level prompt guidance, not a typed CLI/API contract: NotebookLM currently honors orientation cues written into the `DESCRIPTION` positional argument. Including phrases like `"9:16 portrait"`, `"vertical layout"`, `"portrait mobile format"`, or `"vertical 9:16 layout"` can make NotebookLM render each slide as a 9:16 portrait image. Empirically:

- The `.pptx` canvas itself may stay 16:9, but each slide's embedded image can be rendered as 9:16 portrait — useful for vertical/mobile video material extracted via `python-pptx`.
- Orientation is steered once at generation time. `generate revise-slide` edits content within an existing slide but does not change its orientation; if a slide falls back to landscape (occasional inconsistency), regenerate the whole deck rather than revising the single page.
- Combine with an explicit page count in the prompt (e.g. `"Create exactly 8 pages, using a vertical 9:16 portrait layout"`) for the most predictable output.

```bash
# Skill prompt hint: ask NotebookLM to render each slide as a 9:16 portrait image
notebooklm generate slide-deck "Create an 8-page deck in 9:16 portrait orientation for mobile viewing" --length default
```

## Features Beyond the Web UI

These capabilities are available via CLI but not in NotebookLM's web interface:

| Feature | Command | Description |
|---------|---------|-------------|
| **Batch downloads** | `download <type> --all` | Download all artifacts of a type at once |
| **Quiz/Flashcard export** | `download quiz --format json` | Export as JSON, Markdown, or HTML (web UI only shows interactive view) |
| **Mind map extraction** | `download mind-map` | Export hierarchical JSON for visualization tools |
| **Data table export** | `download data-table` | Download structured tables as CSV |
| **Slide deck as PPTX** | `download slide-deck --format pptx` | Download slide deck as editable .pptx (web UI only offers PDF) |
| **Slide revision** | `generate revise-slide "prompt" --artifact <id> --slide N` | Modify individual slides with a natural-language prompt |
| **Report template append** | `generate report --format study-guide --append "..."` | Append custom instructions to built-in format templates without losing the format type |
| **Source fulltext** | `source fulltext <id>` | Retrieve the indexed text content of any source |
| **Save chat to note** | `ask "..." --save-as-note` / `history --save` | Save Q&A answers or conversation history as notebook notes |
| **Programmatic sharing** | `share` commands | Manage sharing permissions without the UI |

## Common Workflows

### Research to Podcast (Interactive)
**Time:** 5-10 minutes total

1. `notebooklm create "Research: [topic]"` — *if fails: check auth with `notebooklm login`*
2. `notebooklm source add` for each URL/document — *if one fails: log warning, continue with others*
3. Wait for sources: `notebooklm source list --json` until all status=READY — *required before generation*
4. `notebooklm generate audio "Focus on [specific angle]"` (confirm when asked) — *if rate limited: wait 5 min, retry once*
5. Note the artifact ID returned
6. Check `notebooklm artifact list` later for status
7. `notebooklm download audio ./podcast.mp3` when complete (confirm when asked)

### Research to Podcast (Automated with Subagent)
**Time:** 5-10 minutes, but continues in background

When user wants full automation (generate and download when ready):

1. Create notebook and add sources as usual
2. Wait for sources to be ready (use `source wait` or check `source list --json`)
3. Run `notebooklm generate audio "..." --json` → parse `task_id` from output
4. **Spawn a background agent** using Task tool:
   ```python
   Task(
     prompt="Wait for artifact {task_id} in notebook {notebook_id} to complete, then download.
             Use: notebooklm artifact wait {task_id} -n {notebook_id} --timeout 600
             Then: notebooklm download audio ./podcast.mp3 -a {task_id} -n {notebook_id}",
     subagent_type="general-purpose"
   )
   ```
5. Main conversation continues while agent waits

**Error handling in subagent:**
- If `artifact wait` returns exit code 2 (timeout): Report timeout, suggest checking `artifact list`
- If download fails: Check if artifact status is COMPLETED first

**Benefits:** Non-blocking, user can do other work, automatic download on completion

### Document Analysis
**Time:** 1-2 minutes

1. `notebooklm create "Analysis: [project]"`
2. `notebooklm source add ./doc.pdf` (or URLs)
3. `notebooklm ask "Summarize the key points"`
4. `notebooklm ask "What are the main arguments?"`
5. Continue chatting as needed

### Bulk Import
**Time:** Varies by source count

1. `notebooklm create "Collection: [name]"`
2. Add multiple sources:
   ```bash
   notebooklm source add "https://url1.com"
   notebooklm source add "https://url2.com"
   notebooklm source add ./local-file.pdf
   ```
3. `notebooklm source list` to verify

**Source limits:** Varies by plan—Standard: 50, Plus: 100, Pro: 300, Ultra: 600 sources per notebook. See [NotebookLM plans](https://support.google.com/notebooklm/answer/16213268) for details. The CLI does not enforce these limits; they are applied by your NotebookLM account.
**Supported types:** PDFs, YouTube URLs, web URLs, Google Docs, text files, Markdown, Word docs, EPUB, audio files, video files, images

### Bulk Import with Source Waiting (Subagent Pattern)
**Time:** Varies by source count

When adding multiple sources and needing to wait for processing before chat/generation:

1. Add sources with `--json` to capture IDs (parse with `jq -r .source.id`):
   ```bash
   notebooklm source add "https://url1.com" --json  # → {"source": {"id": "abc...", ...}}
   notebooklm source add "https://url2.com" --json  # → {"source": {"id": "def...", ...}}
   ```
2. **Spawn a background agent** to wait for all sources:
   ```
   Task(
     prompt="Wait for sources {source_ids} in notebook {notebook_id} to be ready.
             For each: notebooklm source wait {id} -n {notebook_id} --timeout 120
             Report when all ready or if any fail.",
     subagent_type="general-purpose"
   )
   ```
3. Main conversation continues while agent waits
4. Once sources are ready, proceed with chat or generation

**Why wait for sources?** Sources must be indexed before chat or generation. Takes 10-60 seconds per source.

### Deep Web Research (Subagent Pattern)
**Time:** 2-5 minutes, runs in background

Deep research finds and analyzes web sources on a topic:

1. Create notebook: `notebooklm create "Research: [topic]"`
2. Start deep research (non-blocking):
   ```bash
   notebooklm source add-research "topic query" --mode deep --no-wait
   ```
3. **Spawn a background agent** to wait and import:
   ```
   Task(
     prompt="Wait for research in notebook {notebook_id} to complete and import sources.
             Use: notebooklm research wait -n {notebook_id} --import-all --timeout 300
             Report how many sources were imported.",
     subagent_type="general-purpose"
   )
   ```
4. Main conversation continues while agent waits
5. When agent completes, sources are imported automatically

**Alternative (blocking):** For simple cases, omit `--no-wait`:
```bash
notebooklm source add-research "topic" --mode deep --import-all
# Blocks for up to 5 minutes
```

**When to use each mode:**
- `--mode fast`: Specific topic, quick overview needed (5-10 sources, seconds)
- `--mode deep`: Broad topic, comprehensive analysis needed (20+ sources, 2-5 min)

**Research sources:**
- `--from web`: Search the web (default)
- `--from drive`: Search Google Drive

## Output Style

**Progress updates:** Brief status for each step
- "Creating notebook 'Research: AI'..."
- "Adding source: https://example.com..."
- "Starting audio generation... (task ID: abc123)"

**Fire-and-forget for long operations:**
- Start generation, return artifact ID immediately
- Do NOT poll or wait in main conversation - generation takes 5-45 minutes (see timing table)
- User checks status manually, OR use subagent with `artifact wait`

**JSON output:** Use `--json` flag for machine-readable output:
```bash
notebooklm list --json
notebooklm auth check --test --json   # use --test for network-validated auth (see § Agent Setup Verification)
notebooklm source list --json
notebooklm artifact list --json
```

**JSON schemas (key fields):**

`notebooklm list --json`:
```json
{"notebooks": [{"index": 1, "id": "...", "title": "...", "is_owner": true, "created_at": "..."}], "count": 1}
```

`notebooklm auth check --test --json` (use `--test` to drive the network token-fetch — bare `--json` would leave `"token_fetch": null`):
```json
{"status": "ok", "checks": {"storage_exists": true, "json_valid": true, "cookies_present": true, "sid_cookie": true, "token_fetch": true}, "details": {"storage_path": "...", "auth_source": "file", "cookies_found": ["SID", "HSID", "..."], "cookie_domains": [".google.com"]}}
```

`notebooklm source list --json`:
```json
{"notebook_id": "...", "notebook_title": "...", "sources": [{"index": 1, "id": "...", "title": "...", "type": "SourceType.WEB_PAGE", "url": "...", "status": "ready|processing|error", "status_id": 1, "created_at": "..."}], "count": 1}
```

`notebooklm artifact list --json`:
```json
{"notebook_id": "...", "notebook_title": "...", "artifacts": [{"index": 1, "id": "...", "title": "...", "type": "Audio", "type_id": 1, "status": "in_progress|pending|completed|unknown", "status_id": 1, "created_at": "..."}], "count": 1}
```

**Status values:**
- Sources: `processing` → `ready` (or `error`)
- Artifacts: `pending` or `in_progress` → `completed` (or `unknown`)

## Error Handling

**On failure, offer the user a choice:**
1. Retry the operation
2. Skip and continue with something else
3. Investigate the error

**Error decision tree:**

| Error | Cause | Action |
|-------|-------|--------|
| Auth/cookie error | Session expired | Run `notebooklm auth check` then `notebooklm login` |
| "No notebook context" | Context not set | Use `-n <id>` or `--notebook <id>` flag (parallel), or `notebooklm use <id>` (single-agent) |
| "No result found for RPC ID" | Rate limiting | Wait 5-10 min, retry |
| `GENERATION_FAILED` | Google rate limit | Wait and retry later |
| Download fails | Generation incomplete | Check `artifact list` for status |
| Invalid notebook/source ID | Wrong ID | Run `notebooklm list` to verify |
| RPC protocol error | Google changed APIs | May need CLI update |

## Exit Codes

All commands use consistent exit codes:

| Code | Meaning | Action |
|------|---------|--------|
| 0 | Success | Continue |
| 1 | Error (not found, processing failed) | Check stderr, see Error Handling |
| 2 | Timeout (wait commands only) | Extend timeout or check status manually |

**Examples:**
- `source wait` returns 1 if source not found or processing failed
- `artifact wait` returns 2 if timeout reached before completion
- `generate` returns 1 if rate limited (check stderr for details)

## Long Prompts

When a prompt or query exceeds shell command-line length limits, use `--prompt-file` to read it from a file:

```bash
notebooklm ask --prompt-file ./long_question.txt
notebooklm generate report --prompt-file ./custom_report_prompt.txt
notebooklm source add-research --prompt-file ./research_query.txt --mode deep
```

`--prompt-file` is mutually exclusive with the positional text argument. The file is read as UTF-8 with trailing whitespace stripped. Supported on: `ask`, all `generate` subcommands (except `mind-map`), and `source add-research`.

> **Note:** `--prompt-file` reads a *prompt/query text file*, not a source document. To upload a file as a notebook source, use `source add ./file.pdf`.

## Known Limitations

**Rate limiting:** Audio, video, quiz, flashcards, infographic, and slide deck generation may fail due to Google's rate limits. This is an API limitation, not a bug.

**Reliable operations:** These always work:
- Notebooks (list, create, delete, rename)
- Sources (add, list, delete)
- Chat/queries
- Mind-map, study-guide, report, data-table generation

**Unreliable operations:** These may fail with rate limiting:
- Audio (podcast) generation
- Video generation
- Quiz and flashcard generation
- Infographic and slide deck generation

**Workaround:** If generation fails:
1. Check status: `notebooklm artifact list`
2. Retry after 5-10 minutes
3. Use the NotebookLM web UI as fallback

**Processing times vary significantly.** Use the subagent pattern for long operations:

| Operation | Typical time | Suggested timeout |
|-----------|--------------|-------------------|
| Source processing | 30s - 10 min | 600s |
| Research (fast) | 30s - 2 min | 180s |
| Research (deep) | 15 - 30+ min | 1800s |
| Notes | instant | n/a |
| Mind-map | instant (sync) | n/a |
| Quiz, flashcards | 5 - 15 min | 900s |
| Report, data-table | 5 - 15 min | 900s |
| Audio generation | 10 - 20 min | 1200s |
| Video generation | 15 - 45 min | 2700s |

**Polling intervals:** When checking status manually, poll every 15-30 seconds to avoid excessive API calls.

## Language Configuration

Language setting controls the output language for generated artifacts (audio, video, etc.).

**Important:** Language is a **GLOBAL** setting that affects all notebooks in your account.

```bash
# List all 80+ supported languages with native names
notebooklm language list

# Show current language setting
notebooklm language get

# Set language for artifact generation
notebooklm language set zh_Hans  # Simplified Chinese
notebooklm language set ja       # Japanese
notebooklm language set en       # English (default)
```

**Common language codes:**
| Code | Language |
|------|----------|
| `en` | English |
| `zh_Hans` | 中文（简体） - Simplified Chinese |
| `zh_Hant` | 中文（繁體） - Traditional Chinese |
| `ja` | 日本語 - Japanese |
| `ko` | 한국어 - Korean |
| `es` | Español - Spanish |
| `fr` | Français - French |
| `de` | Deutsch - German |
| `pt_BR` | Português (Brasil) |

**Override per command:** Use `--language` flag on generate commands:
```bash
notebooklm generate audio --language ja   # Japanese podcast
notebooklm generate video --language zh_Hans  # Chinese video
```

**Offline mode:** Use `--local` flag to skip server sync:
```bash
notebooklm language set zh_Hans --local  # Save locally only
notebooklm language get --local  # Read local config only
```

## Troubleshooting

```bash
notebooklm --help              # Main commands
notebooklm auth check          # Diagnose auth issues
notebooklm auth check --test   # Full auth validation with network test
notebooklm source --help       # Source management
notebooklm research --help     # Research status/wait
notebooklm generate --help     # Content generation
notebooklm artifact --help     # Artifact management
notebooklm download --help     # Download content
notebooklm language --help     # Language settings
```

**Diagnose auth:** `notebooklm auth check` - shows cookie domains, storage path, validation status
**Re-authenticate:** `notebooklm login`
**Check version:** `notebooklm --version`
**Refresh a CLI-managed install:** `notebooklm skill install`