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Three Statement Model

ASecurity

Build integrated three-statement financial models (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement) with full linkages and circular reference handling. Triggers on "三表模型", "三张报表", "财务模型", "three-statement", "integrated model", "financial model", "IS/BS/CF", "利润表/资产负债表/现金流量表".

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  • Added September 8, 2026
dataapi

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A100/100

Scanned September 8, 2026

npx -y skills add infometa/workbuddyskills --skill three-statement-model --agent claude-code

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SKILL.md
---
name: three-statement-model
description: |
  Build integrated three-statement financial models (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Cash Flow Statement) with full linkages and circular reference handling.
  Triggers on "三表模型", "三张报表", "财务模型", "three-statement", "integrated model", "financial model", "IS/BS/CF", "利润表/资产负债表/现金流量表".
---

# Three-Statement Model(三表联动模型)

## 功能说明

构建完整的三表联动财务模型——利润表(Income Statement)、资产负债表(Balance Sheet)、现金流量表(Cash Flow Statement),三表之间通过标准会计逻辑完全链接。

## 工作流

### Step 1: 历史数据输入

- 收集 3-5 年历史财务报表
- 标准化会计科目(统一口径)
- 识别非经常性项目(Extraordinary Items)
- 计算历史 KPI 和比率趋势

### Step 2: 收入模型

- 分产品线 / 业务线 / 地区建模
- 驱动因子分析:
  - 产品类:Volume × ASP
  - 订阅类:用户数 × ARPU × 留存率
  - 服务类:项目数 × 项目均价 / 计费小时 × 费率
- 季节性调整(如适用)

### Step 3: 成本模型

**COGS / 毛利:**
- 固定成本 vs 变动成本分拆
- 规模效应假设
- 原材料/人工/制造费用分层

**运营费用:**
- R&D:占收入比例或绝对值
- S&M:分固定(品牌)和变动(获客成本)
- G&A:含人员编制计划
- D&A:从资产负债表 PP&E 计划自动计算

### Step 4: 资产负债表计划

**运营资产/负债:**
- 应收账款:DSO(应收天数)× Revenue / 365
- 存货:DIO(存货天数)× COGS / 365
- 应付账款:DPO(应付天数)× COGS / 365
- 其他应收/应付:占收入比例

**长期资产:**
- PP&E 计划:期初 + CapEx - Depreciation = 期末
- 无形资产:期初 + 资本化 - Amortization = 期末
- 商誉:除非减值否则不变

**债务计划:**
- 各笔债务的到期计划
- 利息计算(均值法或期初法)
- 循环贷款(Revolver)自动调节

**股东权益:**
- 期初 + Net Income - Dividends + Stock Issuance - Buyback = 期末
- 库存股和股权激励

### Step 5: 现金流量表

**经营活动:**
- 净利润
- 加回非现金项目(D&A、Stock Comp、Deferred Tax)
- Working Capital 变动

**投资活动:**
- CapEx(PP&E 购置)
- 收购/出售子公司
- 投资证券买卖

**融资活动:**
- 债务借入/偿还
- 股票发行/回购
- 股息支付

**现金余额链接:**
- 期初现金 + 经营 + 投资 + 融资 = 期末现金
- 期末现金链接回资产负债表

### Step 6: 循环引用处理

- 利息支出依赖平均债务余额
- 债务余额依赖现金流(偿还/借入)
- 现金流依赖利息支出
- 解决方案:迭代计算 / 手动断开(Copy-Paste Macro)/ 或 Revolver 作为平衡项

### Step 7: 检验与平衡

- **BS 平衡检查**:Assets = Liabilities + Equity(每期)
- **CF 检查**:期末现金 = BS 上的现金
- **科目勾稽**:D&A 在三表之间一致
- **增长合理性**:各科目增长率无异常跳变
- **杠杆合理性**:Debt/EBITDA 在合理区间

## 输出规范

- **主交付物**:完整三表模型(含假设页、IS、BS、CF、支持计划)
- **假设汇总页**:所有关键驱动因子集中展示
- **KPI Dashboard**:Revenue Growth / Margins / ROIC / Leverage / FCF Yield
- **平衡检查行**:每期显示 BS 是否平衡

## 注意事项

- 所有假设须集中在一个假设页,便于场景切换
- 三表必须完全链接,不允许硬编码数字(Hard Codes 标注为蓝色字体)
- 建模惯例:输入用蓝色,公式用黑色,链接用绿色
- 循环引用必须有明确的处理方案说明
- 模型须通过"断开所有输入设为0,三表仍平衡"测试
- 预测期通常 5 年,超过 5 年须说明合理性

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