Frappe Ops App Lifecycle

---
name: frappe-ops-app-lifecycle
description: >
  Use when scaffolding a new Frappe app, configuring app settings, building assets, running tests, deploying, updating, or publishing to marketplace.
  Prevents broken app structure from incorrect scaffolding, missing setup.py fields, and failed builds.
  Covers bench new-app, app directory structure, setup.py/pyproject.toml, hooks.py config, bench build, bench run-tests, app publishing.
  Keywords: app lifecycle, new-app, scaffolding, setup.py, pyproject.toml, hooks.py, bench build, app publishing, marketplace, create app, publish app, app structure, how to start new app, app directory layout..
license: MIT
compatibility: "Claude Code, Claude.ai Projects, Claude API. Frappe v14-v16."
metadata:
  author: OpenAEC-Foundation
  version: "2.0"
---

# App Lifecycle Management

## Quick Reference

| Command | Purpose | When to Use |
|---|---|---|
| `bench new-app` | Scaffold new app | Starting a new project |
| `bench get-app URL` | Clone from Git | Installing existing app |
| `bench --site SITE install-app` | Install on site | After get-app or new-app |
| `bench --site SITE remove-app` | Uninstall from site | Removing app from site |
| `bench remove-app` | Remove from bench | Removing app entirely |
| `bench --site SITE migrate` | Run patches + sync | After code changes |
| `bench build` | Compile assets | After JS/CSS changes |
| `bench --site SITE console` | Python REPL | Debugging |
| `bench start` | Start dev server | Development |
| `bench setup production` | Configure nginx+supervisor | Deploying to production |

## 1. Scaffolding: bench new-app

```bash
bench new-app my_custom_app
```

Interactive prompts:
- App Title → Human-readable name
- App Description → One-line summary
- App Publisher → Company/author name
- App Email → Contact email
- App Icon → Default: `octicon octicon-file-directory`
- App Color → Default: `grey`
- App License → Default: `MIT`

### Generated Directory Structure

```
apps/my_custom_app/
├── MANIFEST.in              # Files included in Python package
├── README.md                # Project readme
├── license.txt              # License file
├── requirements.txt         # Python dependencies
├── dev-requirements.txt     # Dev-only Python deps (v15+)
├── package.json             # Node.js dependencies
├── setup.py                 # Python package config (v14)
├── pyproject.toml           # Python package config (v15+)
├── my_custom_app/
│   ├── __init__.py          # App version string
│   ├── hooks.py             # Framework integration hooks
│   ├── modules.txt          # List of app modules
│   ├── patches.txt          # Migration patches list
│   ├── config/
│   │   ├── __init__.py
│   │   ├── desktop.py       # Desktop/workspace config
│   │   └── docs.py          # Documentation config
│   ├── public/              # Static assets → /assets/my_custom_app/
│   │   ├── css/
│   │   └── js/
│   ├── templates/           # Jinja templates
│   └── www/                 # Portal pages (URL = path)
```

### What Each Core File Does

| File | Purpose | NEVER Forget |
|---|---|---|
| `__init__.py` | Defines `__version__` | ALWAYS update before release |
| `hooks.py` | ALL framework integration | Entry point for everything |
| `modules.txt` | Declares app modules | ALWAYS add new modules here |
| `patches.txt` | Migration patch registry | ALWAYS add patches in order |
| `requirements.txt` | Python deps installed on setup | Add pip packages here |
| `public/` | Static files served by nginx | Accessible at `/assets/app_name/` |
| `www/` | Portal pages | Filename = URL path |

## 2. Development Cycle

```
Code → Migrate → Build → Test → Commit
```

### Step-by-Step

```bash
# 1. Make code changes (DocTypes, reports, APIs, etc.)

# 2. Migrate — sync DocType schema + run patches
bench --site mysite migrate

# 3. Build — compile JS/CSS assets
bench build --app my_custom_app

# 4. Test — run Python tests
bench --site mysite run-tests --app my_custom_app

# 5. Commit
git -C apps/my_custom_app add -A && git -C apps/my_custom_app commit -m "feat: add feature"
```

ALWAYS run `bench migrate` after modifying DocType JSON files.
ALWAYS run `bench build` after modifying JS/CSS files.

## 3. Getting Apps from Git

```bash
# Public repo
bench get-app https://github.com/org/my_app

# Specific branch
bench get-app https://github.com/org/my_app --branch develop

# Private repo via SSH
bench get-app git@github.com:org/private_app.git

# Private repo via token (v15+)
bench get-app https://TOKEN@github.com/org/private_app.git
```

After `get-app`, ALWAYS install on the target site:
```bash
bench --site mysite install-app my_app
```

`get-app` clones to `apps/` and adds to `apps.txt`.
`install-app` creates database tables and runs `after_install` hooks.

## 4. Installing and Removing Apps

### Installation Order Matters
Apps are installed in order listed in `apps.txt`. If App B depends on App A, App A MUST be listed first.

```bash
# Install
bench --site mysite install-app my_app

# Verify
bench --site mysite list-apps
# Output: frappe, erpnext, my_app

# Remove from site (keeps code in apps/)
bench --site mysite remove-app my_app

# Remove from bench entirely (deletes code)
bench remove-app my_app
```

### App Dependencies (v14+)
Declare in `hooks.py`:
```python
required_apps = ["frappe", "erpnext"]
```

Frappe ALWAYS checks `required_apps` during installation and blocks if dependencies are missing.

## 5. Debugging with bench console

```bash
bench --site mysite console
```

Opens an IPython REPL with Frappe context:

```python
# Query data
frappe.db.sql("SELECT name, status FROM `tabSales Invoice` LIMIT 5", as_dict=True)

# Get a document
doc = frappe.get_doc("Sales Invoice", "SINV-00001")
print(doc.grand_total)

# Test a whitelisted method
from my_app.api import my_function
result = my_function(param="value")

# Check configuration
frappe.get_site_config()

# Auto-reload on code changes (v15+)
# Start with: bench --site mysite console --autoreload
```

ALWAYS use `bench console` for debugging — NEVER modify production data with raw SQL.

## 6. Development Mode vs Production Mode

### Development Mode
```bash
# Enable
bench set-config -g developer_mode 1

# Start dev server (Procfile: web + worker + redis + socketio)
bench start
```

Development mode enables:
- DocType editing in Desk
- "Is Standard" option for reports/scripts
- Auto-reload on Python file changes
- Detailed error tracebacks in browser
- `dev-requirements.txt` dependencies installed

### Production Mode
```bash
# Disable developer mode
bench set-config -g developer_mode 0

# Setup production (nginx + supervisor)
sudo bench setup production USERNAME

# Restart
sudo supervisorctl restart all
# or
sudo systemctl restart supervisor
```

Production mode:
- Serves via nginx (port 80/443)
- Background workers via supervisor
- Static files served directly by nginx
- Errors logged to files, not browser
- NEVER enable `developer_mode` on production sites

## 7. Asset Building

### v15+ (esbuild)
```bash
# Build all apps
bench build

# Build specific app
bench build --app my_custom_app

# Watch mode (auto-rebuild on changes)
bench watch
```

### v14 (build.json)
v14 uses `build.json` in the app root to map source files to bundles:
```json
{
    "css/my_app.css": [
        "public/css/style.css"
    ],
    "js/my_app.js": [
        "public/js/main.js"
    ]
}
```

### Asset Include in hooks.py
```python
# Desk (backend UI)
app_include_js = "my_app.bundle.js"      # v15+ bundle syntax
app_include_css = "my_app.bundle.css"

# Portal (website)
web_include_js = "my_app_web.bundle.js"
web_include_css = "my_app_web.bundle.css"

# v14 legacy syntax
app_include_js = "/assets/my_app/js/my_app.js"
app_include_css = "/assets/my_app/css/my_app.css"
```

ALWAYS run `bench build` after changing JS/CSS files.
ALWAYS run `bench clear-cache` if assets are not updating.

## 8. App Versioning

### Version String in __init__.py
```python
# my_custom_app/__init__.py
__version__ = "1.2.0"
```

ALWAYS use semantic versioning: `MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH`
- MAJOR: Breaking changes
- MINOR: New features (backward compatible)
- PATCH: Bug fixes

The version is read by `bench version`, displayed in Desk, and used by the Marketplace.

### Checking Versions
```bash
bench version
# frappe 15.23.0
# erpnext 15.18.0
# my_custom_app 1.2.0
```

## 9. Patches: Data Migrations

### Writing a Patch

```python
# my_app/patches/v1_2/update_customer_status.py
import frappe

def execute():
    frappe.reload_doc("module_name", "doctype", "customer_extension")

    frappe.db.sql("""
        UPDATE `tabCustomer Extension`
        SET status = 'Active'
        WHERE status IS NULL
    """)
    frappe.db.commit()
```

### Registering in patches.txt

```
# patches.txt — v14+ supports sections

[pre_model_sync]
my_app.patches.v1_1.fix_old_data
my_app.patches.v1_2.rename_field_before_schema

[post_model_sync]
my_app.patches.v1_2.update_customer_status
my_app.patches.v1_2.migrate_settings
```

**Section timing** (v14+):
- `[pre_model_sync]` — Runs BEFORE DocType schema changes are applied
- `[post_model_sync]` — Runs AFTER schema changes (new fields available)
- No section header — Runs in `[pre_model_sync]` by default

### Patch Rules
- ALWAYS add new patches at the END of their section
- Patches run ONCE — tracked in `tabPatch Log`
- To re-run a patch, append a comment: `my_app.patches.v1_2.fix #2025-03-20`
- ALWAYS call `frappe.reload_doc()` before accessing new/modified DocTypes
- ALWAYS use `[post_model_sync]` for patches that need new fields
- One-liner patches: `execute:frappe.delete_doc("Page", "old-page", ignore_missing=True)`

### Testing a Patch
```bash
# Run all pending patches
bench --site mysite migrate

# Run a specific patch manually in console
bench --site mysite console
>>> from my_app.patches.v1_2.update_customer_status import execute
>>> execute()
>>> frappe.db.commit()
```

## 10. Publishing to Frappe Marketplace

### Prerequisites Checklist
1. App hosted on public GitHub repository
2. `setup.py` or `pyproject.toml` with correct metadata
3. Valid `__version__` in `__init__.py`
4. README.md with installation instructions
5. All tests passing

### setup.py (v14)
```python
from setuptools import setup, find_packages

setup(
    name="my_custom_app",
    version="1.0.0",
    description="My Custom App for ERPNext",
    author="Your Name",
    author_email="you@example.com",
    packages=find_packages(),
    zip_safe=False,
    include_package_data=True,
    install_requires=["frappe"],
)
```

### pyproject.toml (v15+)
```toml
[project]
name = "my_custom_app"
dynamic = ["version"]
requires-python = ">=3.10,<3.13"
dependencies = ["frappe"]

[build-system]
requires = ["flit_core >=3.4,<4"]
build-backend = "flit_core:buildapi"
```

### Publishing Steps
1. Create account at https://frappecloud.com/marketplace
2. Add your GitHub repository
3. Configure supported versions (v14, v15)
4. Submit for review
5. After approval, app appears in Marketplace

## 11. App Update Lifecycle on Client Sites

```bash
# Pull latest code
bench update --pull

# Or update specific app
cd apps/my_custom_app && git pull origin main && cd ../..

# Then migrate (runs patches + syncs schema)
bench --site mysite migrate

# Rebuild assets
bench build --app my_custom_app

# Restart workers
bench restart
```

The `bench update` command wraps: backup → pull → requirements → migrate → build → restart.

ALWAYS take a backup before running `bench update` on production.
ALWAYS test updates on staging before applying to production.

## See Also

- [references/examples.md](references/examples.md) — Complete app scaffolding examples
- [references/anti-patterns.md](references/anti-patterns.md) — Common mistakes
- [references/workflows.md](references/workflows.md) — Step-by-step workflows
- [references/module-workspace-shipping.md](references/module-workspace-shipping.md) — Module Def, modules.txt, and workspace shipping
- `frappe-syntax-hooks` — Complete hooks.py reference
- `frappe-core-database` — Database and migration patterns
- `frappe-impl-workspace` — Workspace builder, components, and customization