Understanding Iii

<!-- generated by iii-skill-render. DO NOT EDIT (changes here are overwritten on the next render). Edit docs/0-19-0/understanding-iii/engine.mdx. -->

# Engine


## Startup flow

When the Engine starts it does a few things:

1. It parses its command-line arguments.
1. Loads its configuration file (typically `config.yaml`).
1. Applies the worker declarations from the config (starting each declared worker process).
1. Begins serving connections.

After this sequence the Engine is ready to accept WebSocket connections from Workers and route
invocations between them.

## Engine responsibilities

The Engine's responsibilities cover three concerns at runtime. First, it accepts WebSocket
connections from Workers and maintains the live registry of which Workers are currently connected.
Second, it tracks the Functions and Triggers each connected Worker has registered, exposing them as
a unified system-wide surface. Third, it routes invocations: when a Trigger fires or a Function is
called, the Engine finds a Worker that provides the target Function and dispatches the call.

## Worker disconnect cleanup

When a Worker disconnects, the Engine cleans up the Worker's footprint in the live registry: its
Functions and Triggers are removed, in-flight invocations of those Functions are cancelled, and the
rest of the system keeps serving.

<Note>
  See [Creating Workers / Workers / Handling Worker
  disconnects](../creating-workers/workers#handling-worker-disconnects) for the cancellation error code
  and the discovery events that fire (with their consistency semantics).
</Note>

## Config hot-reload

`config.yaml` is watched at runtime. When the file changes, the Engine parses, diffs, validates, and
commits the new config. Workers that did not change in the diff stay running through the reload, so
only added, removed, or changed Workers are restarted. An invalid config (parse error or validation
failure) causes the Engine to exit rather than enter an indeterminate state.

## Architecture-agnostic routing

Routing is independent of language, runtime, and location. The Engine applies the same routing path
whether a Function is hosted by a Python Agent on a laptop, a TypeScript Worker in a browser tab, a
Rust binary in a microVM, or an OCI image on Kubernetes. This is what
makes "any language, any runtime" a concrete property of iii rather than an aspiration.

## Discovery and the live registry

The Engine maintains a registry of every connected Worker, the Functions each Worker has registered,
and the Triggers bound to those Functions. Other Workers and tooling can read the registry on demand
or subscribe to changes as it evolves.

<Note>
  See [Creating Workers / Workers / Inspecting the live
  registry](../creating-workers/workers#inspecting-the-live-registry) for the concrete `engine::*::list`
  snapshot calls and the `engine::workers-available` / `engine::functions-available` subscription
  events.
</Note>

<Note>Querying traces, logs, and metrics is documented with the iii-observability Worker.</Note>