Cis Oke V170 4.5.2

---
name: cis-oke-v170-4.5.2
description: "Apply Security Context to Your Pods and Containers (Manual)"
category: cis-oke
version: "1.7.0"
author: cyberstrike-official
tags: [cis, oke, kubernetes, oci, policies, general-policies, security-context]
cis_id: "4.5.2"
cis_benchmark: "CIS Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) Benchmark v1.7.0"
tech_stack: [kubernetes, oci, oke]
cwe_ids: []
chains_with: []
prerequisites: []
severity_boost: {}
---

# CIS OKE Benchmark v1.7.0 - Control 4.5.2

## Profile Applicability

- **Level:** 1

## Description

Apply Security Context to Your Pods and Containers

## Rationale

A security context defines the operating system security settings (uid, gid, capabilities, SELinux role, etc.) applied to a container. When designing your containers and pods, make sure that you configure the security context for your pods, containers, and volumes. A security context is a property defined in the deployment yaml. It controls the security parameters that will be assigned to the pod/container/volume. There are two levels of security context: pod level security context, and container level security context.

## Impact

If you incorrectly apply security contexts, you may have trouble running the pods.

## Audit Procedure

Review the pod definitions in your cluster and verify that you have security contexts defined as appropriate.

## Remediation

As a best practice we recommend that you scope the binding for privileged pods to service accounts within a particular namespace, e.g. kube-system, and limiting access to that namespace. For all other serviceaccounts/namespaces, we recommend implementing a more restrictive policy such as this:

```yaml
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
  name: restricted
  annotations:
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: "docker/default,runtime/default"
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: "runtime/default"
    seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: "runtime/default"
    apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: "runtime/default"
spec:
  privileged: false
  # Required to prevent escalations to root.
  allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
  # This is redundant with non-root + disallow privilege escalation,
  # but we can provide it for defense in depth.
  requiredDropCapabilities:
    - ALL
  # Allow core volume types.
  volumes:
    - "configMap"
    - "emptyDir"
    - "projected"
    - "secret"
    - "downwardAPI"
    # Assume that persistentVolumes set up by the cluster admin are safe to use.
    - "persistentVolumeClaim"
  hostNetwork: false
  hostIPC: false
  hostPID: false
  runAsUser:
    # Require the container to run without root privileges.
    rule: "MustRunAsNonRoot"
  seLinux:
    # This policy assumes the nodes are using AppArmor rather than SELinux.
    rule: "RunAsAny"
  supplementalGroups:
    rule: "MustRunAs"
    ranges:
      # Forbid adding the root group.
      - min: 1
        max: 65535
  fsGroup:
    rule: "MustRunAs"
    ranges:
      # Forbid adding the root group.
      - min: 1
        max: 65535
  readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
```

This policy prevents pods from running as privileged or escalating privileges. It also restricts the types of volumes that can be mounted and the root supplemental groups that can be added.

Another, albeit similar, approach is to start with policy that locks everything down and incrementally add exceptions for applications that need looser restrictions such as logging agents which need the ability to mount a host path.

## Default Value

By default, no security contexts are automatically applied to pods.

## References

1. https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/policy/security-context/
2. https://learn.cisecurity.org/benchmarks
3. https://aws.github.io/aws-eks-best-practices/security/pods/#restrict-the-containers-that-can-run-as-privileged
4. https://docs.cloud.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/Content/ContEng/Concepts/contengoverview.htm

## CIS Controls

| Controls Version | Control                                                   | IG 1 | IG 2 | IG 3 |
| ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------------- | ---- | ---- | ---- |
| v8               | 4.1 Establish and Maintain a Secure Configuration Process | \*   | \*   | \*   |
| v7               | 5.1 Establish Secure Configurations                       | \*   | \*   | \*   |

## MITRE ATT&CK Mappings

| Techniques / Sub-techniques | Tactics        | Mitigations |
| --------------------------- | -------------- | ----------- |
| T1556, T1611                | TA0004, TA0006 | M1048       |

## Profile

**Level 1** (Manual)