Cis Azure Database 9.5

---
name: cis-azure-database-9.5
description: "Ensure that Microsoft Entra authentication is Configured for SQL Servers"
category: cis-azure-database
version: "2.0.0"
author: cyberstrike-official
tags: [cis, azure, sql-database, sql-server]
cis_id: "9.5"
cis_benchmark: "CIS Microsoft Azure Database Services Benchmark v2.0.0"
tech_stack: [azure]
cwe_ids: []
chains_with: []
prerequisites: []
severity_boost: {}
---

# 9.5 Ensure that Microsoft Entra authentication is Configured for SQL Servers (Automated)

## Profile Applicability

- Level 1

## Description

Use Microsoft Entra authentication for authentication with SQL Database to manage credentials in a single place.

## Rationale

Microsoft Entra authentication is a mechanism to connect to Microsoft Azure SQL Database and SQL Data Warehouse by using identities in the Microsoft Entra ID directory. With Entra ID authentication, identities of database users and other Microsoft services can be managed in one central location. Central ID management provides a single place to manage database users and simplifies permission management.

- It provides an alternative to SQL Server authentication.
- Helps stop the proliferation of user identities across database servers.
- Allows password rotation in a single place.
- Customers can manage database permissions using external (Entra ID) groups.
- It can eliminate storing passwords by enabling integrated Windows authentication and other forms of authentication supported by Microsoft Entra.
- Entra ID authentication uses contained database users to authenticate identities at the database level.
- Entra ID supports token-based authentication for applications connecting to SQL Database.
- Entra ID authentication supports ADFS (domain federation) or native user/password authentication for a local Active Directory without domain synchronization.
- Entra ID supports connections from SQL Server Management Studio that use Active Directory Universal Authentication, which includes Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). MFA includes strong authentication with a range of easy verification options -- phone call, text message, smart cards with pin, or mobile app notification.

## Impact

This will create administrative overhead with user account and permission management. For further security on these administrative accounts, you may want to consider licensing which supports features like Multi Factor Authentication.

## Audit Procedure

### Audit from Azure Portal

1. Go to `SQL servers`.
2. For each SQL server, click on `Microsoft Entra admin` under the Settings section.
3. Ensure that a value has been set for `Admin Name` under the `Microsoft Entra admin` section.

### Audit from Azure CLI

To list SQL Server Admins on a specific server:

```bash
az sql server ad-admin list --resource-group <resource-group> --server <server>
```

### Audit from PowerShell

Print a list of all SQL Servers to find which one you want to audit:

```powershell
Get-AzSqlServer
```

Audit a list of Administrators on a Specific Server:

```powershell
Get-AzSqlServerActiveDirectoryAdministrator -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -ServerName <server name>
```

Ensure Output shows `DisplayName` set to `AD account`.

### Audit from Azure Policy

Policy ID: `1f314764-cb73-4fc9-b863-8eca98ac36e9`
Name: 'An Azure Active Directory administrator should be provisioned for SQL servers'

## Expected Result

A Microsoft Entra admin should be configured for each SQL server with a valid `Admin Name`.

## Remediation

### Remediate from Azure Portal

1. Go to `SQL servers`.
2. For each SQL server, click on `Microsoft Entra admin`.
3. Click on `Set admin`.
4. Select an admin.
5. Click `Save`.

### Remediate from Azure CLI

```bash
az ad user show --id
```

For each Server, set AD Admin:

```bash
az sql server ad-admin create --resource-group <resource group name> --server <server name> --display-name <display name> --object-id <object id of user>
```

### Remediate from PowerShell

For each Server, set Entra ID Admin:

```powershell
Set-AzSqlServerActiveDirectoryAdministrator -ResourceGroupName <resource group name> -ServerName <server name> -DisplayName "<Display name of AD account to set as DB administrator>"
```

## Default Value

Entra ID Authentication for SQL Database/Server is not enabled by default.

## References

1. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-sql/database/authentication-aad-configure
2. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/sql-database/sql-database-aad-authentication
3. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/powershell/module/azurerm.sql/get-azurermsqlserveractivedirectoryadministrator?view=azurermps-5.2.0
4. https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/security/benchmark/azure/mcsb-identity-management#im-1-use-centralized-identity-and-authentication-system
5. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/sql/server/ad-admin?view=azure-cli-latest#az_sql_server_ad_admin_list

## Profile

- Level 1