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Fec Route Protection

ASecurity

Use when implementing or reviewing frontend route protection, auth guards, RBAC, permission routes, login state handling, redirects, middleware, React Router, Next.js, Vue Router, or Nuxt route middleware; Chinese triggers include 路由保护, 权限路由, 登录态.

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  • Added May 26, 2026
developmentreactvuenextjsapifrontend

Works with

  • api

Security analysis

A100/100

Scanned May 27, 2026

npx -y skills add bovinphang/frontend-craft --skill fec-route-protection --agent claude-code

Installs into .claude/skills of the current project.

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SKILL.md
---
name: fec-route-protection
description: Use when implementing or reviewing frontend route protection, auth guards, RBAC, permission routes, login state handling, redirects, middleware, React Router, Next.js, Vue Router, or Nuxt route middleware; Chinese triggers include 路由保护, 权限路由, 登录态.
---

# 路由保护

## Purpose

为前端应用建立清晰的认证、授权和重定向边界,避免越权访问与闪烁渲染。

## When to Use

- 页面需要登录后访问,或不同角色看到不同路由。
- 需要实现 React Router、Next.js、Nuxt 或 Vue Router 的路由守卫。
- 登录过期、权限不足、组织/租户切换需要统一处理。
- 不用于替代服务端授权;前端路由保护只能改善体验,不能作为唯一安全边界。

## Procedure

### 1. 定义认证与授权状态

```ts
export type AuthStatus = "loading" | "anonymous" | "authenticated";

export interface CurrentUser {
  id: string;
  roles: string[];
  permissions: string[];
}

export function canAccess(user: CurrentUser, required: string[]) {
  return required.every((permission) => user.permissions.includes(permission));
}
```

### 2. React Router 使用布局守卫

```tsx
import { Navigate, Outlet, useLocation } from "react-router-dom";

interface ProtectedRouteProps {
  requiredPermissions?: string[];
}

export function ProtectedRoute({ requiredPermissions = [] }: ProtectedRouteProps) {
  const location = useLocation();
  const { status, user } = useAuth();

  if (status === "loading") return <RouteLoading />;
  if (status === "anonymous") {
    return <Navigate to="/login" replace state={{ from: location }} />;
  }
  if (requiredPermissions.length > 0 && !canAccess(user, requiredPermissions)) {
    return <Navigate to="/403" replace />;
  }

  return <Outlet />;
}
```

```tsx
const router = createBrowserRouter([
  {
    element: <ProtectedRoute requiredPermissions={["orders:read"]} />,
    children: [{ path: "/orders", element: <OrdersPage /> }],
  },
]);
```

### 3. Next.js 优先在服务端边界处理

```ts
// middleware.ts
import { NextResponse, type NextRequest } from "next/server";

export function middleware(request: NextRequest) {
  const token = request.cookies.get("session")?.value;
  const isPrivateRoute = request.nextUrl.pathname.startsWith("/dashboard");

  if (isPrivateRoute && !token) {
    const loginUrl = new URL("/login", request.url);
    loginUrl.searchParams.set("redirect", request.nextUrl.pathname);
    return NextResponse.redirect(loginUrl);
  }

  return NextResponse.next();
}

export const config = {
  matcher: ["/dashboard/:path*"],
};
```

对需要精细权限的 App Router 页面,在 server component 或 server action 中重新校验权限,不依赖客户端状态。

### 4. Vue Router / Nuxt 使用导航守卫

```ts
router.beforeEach(async (to) => {
  const auth = useAuthStore();
  if (auth.status === "unknown") await auth.fetchCurrentUser();

  if (to.meta.requiresAuth && !auth.user) {
    return { path: "/login", query: { redirect: to.fullPath } };
  }

  const required = to.meta.permissions as string[] | undefined;
  if (required?.length && !auth.canAccess(required)) {
    return { path: "/403" };
  }
});
```

### 5. 统一失败与跳转体验

- `401`:清理过期会话,跳转登录页并保留 `redirect`。
- `403`:进入无权限页,不反复重试。
- `loading`:渲染稳定骨架屏,避免先显示私有内容再跳转。
- 登录成功:只跳转到同源且允许的路径,防止 open redirect。

## Constraints

- 前端路由保护不是安全边界;API、SSR loader、server action 必须重复做授权校验。
- 不要在组件渲染后用 `useEffect` 才跳转私有页面,否则会出现敏感内容闪烁。
- redirect 参数必须限制为站内路径,不能直接信任 URL 输入。
- 权限信息应来自可信会话或后端响应,不要只依赖 localStorage 中的角色字段。
- 多租户应用必须把 tenant/org 上下文纳入权限判断。

## Expected Output

产出一套路由守卫实现,覆盖 loading、未登录、权限不足、登录后回跳和会话过期。验证时直接访问私有 URL、刷新页面、切换角色、篡改 redirect 参数,确认行为稳定且 API 仍有服务端授权。

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