Claude Skills by ashfordeOU

Use when you must apply wing sweep effects for high-speed aerodynamics: compute the simple sweep theory cosine corrections for the lift curve slope and the section Mach number, find the effective Mach number and the velocity components normal and tangential to the leading edge, and estimate the critical Mach number increase that sweep provides over the unswept wing. Produces the swept wing lift slope, the effective Mach number, and the critical Mach estimate that feed transonic cruise and hig...

Use when you must apply compressibility corrections to subsonic aerodynamic coefficients: compute the Prandtl-Glauert factor and the refined Karman-Tsien correction for the pressure coefficient at a given Mach number, evaluate the transonic similarity parameter linking thickness and sweep effects, and estimate the critical Mach number at which local flow first reaches sonic speed. Produces corrected pressure coefficients and corrected lift slope, the critical Mach estimate, and drag-divergenc...

Use when the task is wave drag estimation, area ruling, Sears-Haack bodies, drag divergence, or cross-sectional area distribution in transonic design. Compute transonic wave drag with the Whitcomb area rule: build the streamwise cross-sectional area distribution of a wing-body combination, size the Sears-Haack minimum-drag body for a given length and volume, evaluate its zero-lift wave drag, and estimate the drag-divergence Mach number and the parabolic wave drag rise above it. Produces the S...

Use when you must design the wind tunnel model and the test setup for a wind tunnel campaign on an aircraft configuration: select the model scale as the smaller of the test section blockage limit and the span clearance, compute the model wing area, span and mean aerodynamic chord from the scale, check the model Reynolds number at the maximum tunnel speed against the full scale flight Reynolds number and report the Reynolds mismatch, estimate the maximum dynamic pressure and the model load at ...

Use when the task is experimental wind tunnel data reduction, tare or blockage correction, wall interference, dynamic pressure correction, coefficient reduction, or uncertainty from repeated runs. Correct wind tunnel balance and pressure measurements into standard aerodynamic coefficients: subtract support tare and tareshift, apply solid and wake blockage corrections, correct wall interference and streamline curvature, apply Reynolds number and Mach corrections, estimate repeat-run uncertaint...

Use when you must apply closed-wall wind tunnel corrections to measured lift and drag coefficients: compute solid blockage from model volume over the test-section volume scale with K1 = 0.52, wake blockage from the uncorrected drag coefficient, total blockage, buoyancy drag increment from the streamwise pressure gradient, lift interference and streamline curvature alpha increment, sigma factor from span over section height, and first-order corrected lift and drag coefficients with corrected q...

Use when you must derive the wing-planform-design reference geometry and the spanwise loading of a straight-tapered wing from the span, the area, and the taper-ratio: compute the root-chord and the tip-chord, the mean-geometric-chord, the mean-aerodynamic-chord with its mac-span-station, and convert the leading-edge-sweep into the quarter-chord-sweep. Compute the spanwise-load-distribution with the schrenk-approximation to obtain the local-lift-coefficient at any station, and size the washout...

Use when you must size a winglet as a wingtip device for induced-drag reduction on a fixed-wing aircraft: compute the effective span extension and the effective aspect ratio from the winglet height fraction and the cant angle, estimate the improved span efficiency, the induced-drag factor and the induced-drag coefficient at a reference lift coefficient, the percent drag reduction, and the root bending moment penalty at the wing root, then size the winglet height by bisection to hit a target d...

Use when a task concerns avionics and flight software assurance for civil aircraft: guide the router to the avionics pack, whose DO-178C software lifecycle sub-skills cover planning, development, verification, and configuration management, whose DO-254 sub-skills cover airborne electronic hardware planning and verification, whose DO-330 tool-qualification sub-skill covers software tool credit, whose DO-160 environmental-qualification sub-skill covers equipment test conditions, and whose far-c...

Use when you must budget the ARINC 429 bus loading: sum the per-label transmission rates in labels per second into the total word rate, price each transmitted word at 36 bit-times (32 data bits plus the 4-bit gap) for the bus load in bits per second, compute the percent utilization of the 100 kbps or 12.5 kbps link, flag schedules that exceed the word-per-second capacity (about 2778 words per second at 100 kbps), and report the headroom against the common 80 percent design guideline. Produces...

Use when checking a bus monitor decode, writing a test stimulus for an LRU interface, or explaining the one-transmitter up-to-20-receivers twisted shielded pair topology. Encode and decode ARINC 429 digital information transfer words for avionics data buses: build the 32-bit word from the octal label, SDI, 19-bit data field, SSM, and odd parity bit, split a received word back into its fields, and convert BNR and BCD parameters to and from engineering units at the word rate of 12.5 or 100 kbps...

Use when sizing an AFDX network, writing a virtual link configuration table, or reviewing a network design against bandwidth, jitter, and latency budgets for certification. Size and validate ARINC 664 Part 7 Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) network configurations for civil avionics: compute virtual link bandwidth from the BAG and the maximum frame size, check that the virtual link set fits the 100 Mbps link, bound frame transmission time, verify jitter against the tolerance, esti...

Use when you must compute the MIL-STD-1553 bus loading: convert a minor-frame message schedule into wire-word counts per message type (command and status overhead plus data words), apply the fixed 24 microsecond word slot at the 1 Mbps data rate, sum the schedule time, and return the bus utilization against the minor-frame length with an 80 percent loading guideline verdict. Produces per-message wire words and time, the schedule total, the percent utilization, the headroom to the 80 percent b...

Use when the task is a MIL-STD-1553 command word, status word, data word, Manchester II encoding, bus controller or remote terminal behavior, or military avionics data bus design. Encode and decode MIL-STD-1553B avionics data bus words for the 1 Mbps command/response multiplex bus: build the 20-bit command word from the 5-bit remote terminal address, transmit/receive bit, 5-bit subaddress, and 5-bit word count with odd parity, split a received word back into its fields, classify the message f...

Use when planning or auditing ESD qualification of LRUs and cabin equipment that personnel handle during normal operation or maintenance. Determine DO-160 Section 25 electrostatic discharge (ESD) test parameters for airborne equipment: select the single equipment category and 15 kV air discharge test level, compute the stored energy and discharge waveform currents (peak, 30 ns, 60 ns) from the 150 pF and 330 ohm generator model, check the 10 positive and 10 negative discharges per test point,...

Use when planning or reviewing DO-160 environmental qualification of airborne equipment: map equipment categories to applicable test-condition sections (temperature, altitude, humidity, vibration, EMC, lightning, and others), verify that the planned test matrix covers every required section, and check operating-temperature ranges per equipment category. Section names and typical category temperature ranges are provided as reference data, with category-specific exclusions to be confirmed again...

Use when you must evaluate DO-160 lightning protection for airborne equipment: select the section 22 induced transient susceptibility test level and waveform set, and check the section 23 direct effects pass criteria. Verdict logic classifies whether test results pass with no physical damage, no upset, and no latch-up; level and waveform checks validate inputs before the verdict is issued. Selection and verdict logic only; no standard tables reproduced. Trigger: lightning, DO-160, waveform, t...

Use when reviewing a power-input test plan, analyzing captured input-power waveforms against the equipment category, or deciding whether a transient event stays within its category envelope. Assess DO-160 Section 16 power-input characteristics of airborne equipment: verify measured AC and DC steady-state voltages against normal and emergency limits, compute voltage-sag depth and voltage-surge height as percentages of nominal, check frequency-variation tolerance for 400 Hz AC buses, and verify...

Use when you must plan and check the DO-160 section 21 radio frequency emission test of airborne equipment: convert the measured conducted emission amplitude from volts to dBuV and the radiated emission field to dBuV/m at the antenna, classify the equipment installation category, apply the CE102 conducted emission limit curve and the RE102 radiated emission limit curve for the category, compute the emission margin at each frequency, find the worst case frequency, and judge the equipment pass ...

Use when you must plan and execute a DO-160 section 20 radio frequency susceptibility (RF immunity) test on airborne equipment: compute the radiated field strength from amplifier power, antenna gain, and distance; size the amplifier power budget for a required field level including cable loss and calibration margin; convert between V/m and dBuV/m, A and dBuA, and W and dBm; estimate the AM-modulated peak field and average power; and check conducted immunity margins against CS114 category curr...

Use when you must manage DO-178C airworthiness and certification liaison for an airborne software item: confirm the certification basis items with evidence, score stage-of-involvement audit readiness against the software level threshold, and track open liaison items to closure before authority audits. Produces the certification-basis coverage account, the SOI readiness verdict, and the open-item action flags that keep the certification plan on schedule. Trigger: airworthiness liaison, certifi...

Use when you must manage DO-178C software configuration: establish configuration baselines, record and process problem reports, control changes to baselined data, and maintain archive and recovery procedures for software lifecycle data. Determine when independent approval of changes applies, which is required at levels A and B, and gate software release on closed problem reports, a current baseline, and an archive capability. Trigger: DO-178C configuration management, configuration baselines,...

Use when you must analyze data coupling and control coupling between airborne software components: identify the data-coupling items between component pairs from their written and read variable sets with declared synchronization suppression, identify the control-coupling items across call edges where a caller-written variable is read by the callee, compute the coupling coverage ratio against declared evidence, and return the PASS or FAIL verdict with the uncovered item list. Produces the data-...

Use when you must develop DO-178C airborne software lifecycle data for avionics items: capture high-level and low-level requirements, maintain bidirectional requirement-to-code trace links, identify derived requirements, and apply design/coding standards scaled to software level. Produce development-phase artifacts (requirements, design, code, trace matrix) for verification, with traceability closure and independent review at levels A and B. Ensure protection and safety assurance trace from t...

Use when planning DO-178C software certification for airborne systems or equipment: determine the software level or DAL (A-E) from failure-condition severity, draft the PSAC (Plan for Software Aspects of Certification), and scope planning-phase artifacts such as the PSAC, SDP, SVP, SCM, and SQA plans. Covers ARP4754A FDAL/IDAL allocation and ARP4761A severity-to-DAL propagation, including coverage-depth implications per level: A requires MC/DC, B requires decision coverage, C requires stateme...

Use when you must scope the reuse credit of previously developed software in a DO-178C project: classify a reused item from its origin standard, its modification state and whether its assurance level meets the target level into unchanged direct credit, modified PDS with delta qualification over the changed scope plus affected interfaces, or level upgrade needing additional verification at the higher level, compute the delta objective coverage ratio and verdict against the required objective s...

Use when a task asks how many test cases a boolean condition requires, how to derive tests from high-level and low-level requirements, which coverage objectives apply per software level (level A requires mc-dc, B decision coverage, C statement coverage, D and E none), or how to measure and document structural coverage against the DO-178C Table A-7 objectives. Generate requirements-based-testing test cases for DO-178C airborne software and count the test cases each structural-coverage metric d...

Use when assessing software tool qualification per DO-330 and DO-178C: determine the tool qualification level (TQL-1 through TQL-5) from the applicable tool criteria, check that a qualification level meets the required rigor, select the governing criterion when several apply, and validate that tool operational requirements (TOR) and qualification artifacts are complete. DO-330 tool criteria 1-5 map to TQL-1..TQL-5 with lower numbers meaning stricter rigor; all logic is deterministic, offline ...

Use when you must verify DO-178C airborne software against its requirements: review software architecture, design, and code, run requirements-based tests, and analyze structural coverage at the depth the software level demands: A requires MC/DC, B decision coverage, C statement coverage, D and E require none. Determine whether verification must be independent, which applies at levels A and B, and produce the verification results, coverage analysis, and review records the software verification...

Use when you must determine the DO-254 configuration management action for a hardware change: classify the change class, decide whether a formal engineering change order (ECR/ECO) with reverification applies, and produce the hardware configuration index (HCI) entry against the current baseline. A change to form, fit, or function, any safety effect, or complex hardware is class 1 with baseline update, reverification, and independent review; otherwise class 2 uses documented but lighter review....

Use when you must plan DO-254 design assurance for airborne electronic hardware: classify an item as simple or complex AEH, scope the plan for hardware aspects of certification (PHAC) and the hardware design assurance data, and plan requirements capture, verification, and configuration management for the item. Complex AEH (programmable logic, processors, or designs whose correct behavior cannot be fully established from top-level data alone) follows the full design assurance process; simple A...

Use when verifying DO-254 airborne electronic hardware: determine the verification methods that apply to a simple or complex AEH item, check whether independent verification is expected at the hardware design assurance level, validate requirements-based test coverage against the A/B and C/D ratios, review hardware/software integration evidence, and confirm the verification effort is complete against the required method set. Methods scale from reduced verification for simple AEH to test, analy...

Use when you must capture and review DO-254 hardware requirements for a complex airborne electronic hardware item: check each requirement for vague terms, missing identifiers, and missing trace links, classify derived requirements from allocated ones, and score capture readiness before the requirements review. Produces the requirement issue list, the derived-versus-allocated classification, and the readiness verdict the design phase consumes. Trigger: hardware requirements, requirements captu...

Use when scoping transport-category airworthiness certification: determine the certification basis (FAR-25 for FAA programs, CS-25 for EASA programs), decide whether a system needs the 25.1309 safety assessment from its failure-condition severity, select a means of compliance (analysis, test, inspection, similarity), and sequence a type-certification program from application to issue. The mapped scope is transport-category; other categories must be re-scoped. Trigger: FAR-25, CS-25, airworthi...

Use when you must determine whether a novel or unusual transport-category design feature needs a special condition under FAR 25.17 or CS-25.17 instead of being covered by the existing airworthiness standards: classify the feature from its novelty, existing coverage, and safety significance, then draft the special condition scope with the affected subject, the issue addressed, and the proposed means of compliance (analysis, test, simulation). Produces the special-condition verdict and the scop...

Use when you must compute the geometry of a constant-DME arc leg: the arc length between two radials at a published DME radius, a point on the arc at a given radial, the bank angle that holds the arc at a true airspeed, the turn radius implied by a bank angle, the chord between two arc fixes, and the signed radial intercept for joining or leaving the arc. Produces the arc length, arc points, holding bank angle, chord and intercept angle that gate a DME-arc procedure path check around a VOR/DM...

Use when you must build and check a flight management system flight plan: compute great-circle leg distances between waypoints, verify the vertical profile against crossing constraints, and total the track distance for fuel and time planning. Produces the leg distance check, the vertical constraint verdict, and the flight plan validity flag that gates dispatch planning. Trigger: flight planning, flight management system, waypoints, vertical profile, track distance, fms.

Use when you must determine a holding pattern entry: classify the maneuver for joining a holding fix as direct, teardrop, or parallel from the angle between the inbound track and the holding side using the standard 70/110 degree sector rule, compute the outbound leg timing from the holding altitude (1 minute at or below 14000 ft, 1.5 minutes above), correct the outbound heading for crosswind with the 1-in-60 rule, and estimate the first entry lap time. Produces the entry type, outbound leg se...

Use when you must compute the lateral navigation (LNAV) guidance quantities of a flight management system between and along the flight plan legs: derive the great-circle track angle and distance from the current position to the next waypoint, determine the cross-track error to the active leg with its sign, compute the track angle error and the intercept heading that recaptures the desired track at a fixed intercept angle, size the turn anticipation distance before the fly-by waypoint from the...

Use when the task is FMS performance computation, ECON speed selection, cost index, fuel versus time trade, step-climb logic, or top of descent for a flight management system. Compute flight management system performance values: derive the cost index from time and fuel costs, select the ECON cruise Mach that minimizes total fuel and time cost, quantify the fuel-for-time trade between candidate cruise speeds, evaluate step-climb benefit between flight levels, and compute the VNAV top of descen...

Use when you must compute the radio navigation geometry of conventional navaids for the aircraft navigation solution: derive the VOR radial and the bearing from the aircraft to the station from the planar station and aircraft coordinates, compute the DME slant range from the ground distance and the aircraft altitude, compute the ILS localizer deviation angle from the lateral offset and the distance to the runway threshold, and compute the ILS glideslope deviation from the height above the thr...

Use when you must construct the lateral path of a radius-to-fix leg: compute the turning center of the constant-radius RF leg for an RNP AR procedure from the entry fix, the inbound track, the published radius and the turn direction, validate that the exit fix lies on the radius circle, and derive the swept central angle, the along-arc length, the exit track and the chord. Produces the RF-leg geometry dict that gates a flyable-arc check for procedure design. Trigger: radius to fix, RF leg, tu...

Use when you must compute the rhumb-line leg geometry between waypoints: derive the constant Mercator course and rhumb-line distance that connect two fixes, the along-parallel leg length at a fixed latitude, and the rhumb-versus-great-circle distance delta that gates long-range FMS leg and airway geometry checks. Produces the constant course in degrees, the rhumb distance in metres, the parallel leg length, and the comparison delta in metres and percent. Trigger: rhumb line leg, constant cour...

Use when you must assess the RNP containment of a performance based navigation segment: compute the actual navigation performance (ANP) as the 95 percent containment bound from a lateral position error sigma or accept a directly supplied ANP, apply the required navigation performance (RNP) for the segment with an optional margin fraction, and decide whether the ANP stays inside the RNP. Produces the ANP, the containment margin and the pass or fail verdict that gate FMS navigation dispatch. Tr...

Use when you must compute the required time of arrival (RTA) function of a flight management system: estimate the arrival time at a downstream waypoint from the remaining distance and ground speed, derive the speed adjustment needed to satisfy the RTA time constraint, check the constraint against the achievable arrival window set by the minimum and maximum cruise Mach bounds, and return the Mach command, the predicted time error and the feasibility verdict for the FMS time control. Produces t...

Use when you must compute the vertical navigation (VNAV) descent path for a flight management system: determine the top of descent distance from cruise altitude to an arrival constraint, compute the descent gradient and flight path angle, and check the resulting altitude against waypoint altitude constraints. Produces the top of descent distance, the descent gradient in feet per nautical mile, the flight path angle in degrees, and the constraint verdict for the descent path. Trigger: vertical...

Use when you must give the aperiodic or event-driven jobs of an avionics flight software task set a bounded service under fixed-priority scheduling: reduce the event streams to their load utilization, size the polling-server, deferrable-server or sporadic-server capacity and period from that load with a burst margin, fold the server budget into the fixed-priority response-time analysis as a periodic task at its priority slot, and place it at the highest slot where every periodic task keeps it...

Use when designing a cFS app, explaining cFS layering, or simulating software bus routing for flight software. Model and simulate NASA core Flight Software (cFS) architecture: explain the cFE/OSAL/PSP layering (Executive Services, Software Bus, Event Services, Table Services, Time Services, File Services), structure apps with the classic APP_Init, APP_Execute, APP_Data pattern, and route messages by 16-bit message ID over a software bus publish/subscribe model, with a pure-Python simulation t...

Use when you must design and verify the offline repeating frame table of a time-triggered cyclic executive for a periodic avionics flight software task set with implicit deadlines: compute the hyperperiod as the least common multiple of the task periods, choose an admissible frame length that divides every task period and is at least every task execution time C_i, lay each frame-boundary release into the frame that starts at its release time over the hyperperiod, and confirm every per-frame e...

Use when you must decide the fixed-priority schedulability of an avionics flight software task set whose per-task relative deadlines are not the implicit period: order the tasks by deadline-monotonic priority assignment so the shorter deadline ranks higher, run the exact jitter-aware fixed-point response-time iteration against each task's own deadline, and cover constrained deadlines (D no greater than T) and arbitrary deadlines (D beyond T) with the busy-period job scan when a queued job can...