Strategy: 从数据/观察归纳提炼假设
Scanned 5/27/2026
Install via CLI
openskills install yogsoth-ai/de-anthropocentric-research-engine---
name: inductive-hypothesis-generation
description: "Strategy: 从数据/观察归纳提炼假设"
version: 1.0.0
category: hypothesis-formation
type: strategy
campaign: hypothesis-formulation
tactics:
- anomaly-driven-abduction
- falsifiability-audit
sops:
- anomaly-characterization
- explanation-generation
- variable-identification
- relationship-specification
- falsifiability-check
dependencies:
skills:
- context-management
- subagent-spawning
- literature-engine
---
# Inductive Hypothesis Generation
从数据/观察归纳提炼假设:在理论空白或理论不足的领域,从经验模式中提炼规律,谨慎泛化为可测试命题。
## 适用场景
- 领域缺乏成熟理论,但积累了大量经验观察或数据模式
- 研究 gap 表现为"反复出现的现象尚无系统性解释"
- 目标是从数据中提炼规律,为后续理论建构奠基
- 探索性研究阶段,尚不清楚哪些变量重要
不适用:已有明确理论框架的领域 → 改用 deductive-hypothesis-generation。
## 思维框架
**Observe patterns → Extract regularity → Generalize cautiously → Formulate testable claim**
归纳的核心逻辑:
1. **Observe patterns**:系统整理已有观察、数据、案例中反复出现的模式(不是单次异常)
2. **Extract regularity**:识别模式背后的规律性——什么条件下出现,什么条件下不出现
3. **Generalize cautiously**:将规律从具体样本谨慎泛化——明确泛化的边界,不过度外推
4. **Formulate testable claim**:将泛化规律转化为可在新样本上检验的命题
**归纳的核心风险**:过度泛化(从有限样本跳到普遍规律)。每个归纳假设必须明确:
- 观察来自哪些样本(样本特征、来源、时间范围)
- 泛化到哪些群体(泛化范围的边界)
- 什么证据会限制或推翻泛化
## Budget Gate
| Tier | 模式覆盖 | 规律提取 | 假设产出 | 泛化边界 |
|------|---------|---------|---------|---------|
| S | ≥3 个独立观察模式 | ≥2 条规律 | ≥2 个结构化假设 | 每个假设明确样本来源 |
| M | ≥5 个独立观察模式 | ≥3 条规律 | ≥3 个结构化假设 | 泛化边界 + falsification scenario |
| L | ≥8 个独立观察模式 | ≥5 条规律 | ≥4 个结构化假设 | 完整泛化边界 + 竞争规律比较 |
## 默认参考流
1. 调用 `anomaly-characterization` SOP:系统整理已有观察/数据中的模式(含频率、条件、例外)
2. 调用 `explanation-generation` SOP(via `anomaly-driven-abduction` tactic):为每个模式生成候选规律解释
3. 调用 `variable-identification` SOP:将规律中的构念转化为可操作变量
4. 调用 `relationship-specification` SOP:明确变量间方向性关系(含调节条件)
5. 调用 `falsifiability-check` SOP(via `falsifiability-audit` tactic):为每个假设生成 falsification scenario + 泛化边界
## context-checkpoint
每轮结束后记录:
- 已整理的观察模式清单(模式描述、来源、出现频率)
- 提取的规律列表(规律陈述、支撑模式、例外情况)
- 当前假设草稿集(含泛化边界声明)
- 可证伪性状态 + 过度泛化风险评估
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