Test Shiny applications using shinytest2 for end-to-end browser tests and testServer() for unit-testing module server logic. Covers snapshot testing, CI integration, and mocking external services. Use when adding tests to an existing Shiny application, setting up a testing strategy for a new Shiny project, writing regression tests before refactoring Shiny code, or integrating Shiny app tests into CI/CD pipelines.
Scanned 9/3/2026
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---
name: test-shiny-app
locale: wenyan
source_locale: en
source_commit: 82c77053
fence_basis_commit: 82c77053
translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman"
translation_date: "2026-05-03"
description: >
Test Shiny applications using shinytest2 for end-to-end browser tests
and testServer() for unit-testing module server logic. Covers snapshot
testing, CI integration, and mocking external services. Use when adding
tests to an existing Shiny application, setting up a testing strategy for
a new Shiny project, writing regression tests before refactoring Shiny
code, or integrating Shiny app tests into CI/CD pipelines.
license: MIT
allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob
metadata:
author: Philipp Thoss
version: "1.0"
domain: shiny
complexity: intermediate
language: R
tags: shiny, testing, shinytest2, testServer, snapshot, CI
---
# 試 Shiny 之應
立 Shiny 應之全試,用 shinytest2(端至端)與 testServer()(單元)。
## 用時
- 加試於既存之 Shiny 應乃用
- 為新 Shiny 項立試策乃用
- 重構 Shiny 之碼前撰回試乃用
- 合 Shiny 應試於 CI/CD 流乃用
## 入
- **必要**:Shiny 應之路
- **必要**:試之範(單元、端至端、或兼)
- **可選**:是否用快照試(默:e2e 為是)
- **可選**:CI 之臺(GitHub Actions、GitLab CI)
- **可選**:獨試之模組
## 法
### 第一步:裝試之依
```r
install.packages("shinytest2")
# For golem apps, add as a Suggests dependency
usethis::use_package("shinytest2", type = "Suggests")
# Set up testthat infrastructure if not present
usethis::use_testthat(edition = 3)
```
得:shinytest2 已裝,testthat 之目構已立。
敗則:shinytest2 須 chromote(無頭 Chrome)。於系裝 Chrome/Chromium。WSL 上:`sudo apt install -y chromium-browser`。以 `chromote::find_chrome()` 驗。
### 第二步:撰 testServer() 之單元試於模組
立 `tests/testthat/test-mod_dashboard.R`:
```r
test_that("dashboard module filters data correctly", {
testServer(dataFilterServer, args = list(
data = reactive(iris),
columns = c("Species", "Sepal.Length")
), {
# Set inputs
session$setInputs(column = "Species")
session$setInputs(value_select = "setosa")
session$setInputs(apply = 1)
# Check output
result <- filtered()
expect_equal(nrow(result), 50)
expect_true(all(result$Species == "setosa"))
})
})
test_that("dashboard module handles empty data", {
testServer(dataFilterServer, args = list(
data = reactive(iris[0, ]),
columns = c("Species")
), {
# Module should not error on empty data
expect_no_error(session$setInputs(column = "Species"))
})
})
```
要之模:
- `testServer()` 試模組之服邏無瀏覽器
- 經 `args` 列傳反應之參
- 用 `session$setInputs()` 仿用之交互
- 直接以名取反應之返值
- 試邊例:空資、NULL 入、無效值
得:模組試以 `devtools::test()` 過。
敗則:若 `testServer()` 誤於「not a module server function」,確函內用 `moduleServer()`。若 `session$setInputs()` 不觸反應,於設入後加 `session$flushReact()`。
### 第三步:撰 shinytest2 之端至端試
立 `tests/testthat/test-app-e2e.R`:
```r
test_that("app loads and displays initial state", {
# For golem apps
app <- AppDriver$new(
app_dir = system.file(package = "myapp"),
name = "initial-load",
height = 800,
width = 1200
)
on.exit(app$stop(), add = TRUE)
# Wait for app to load
app$wait_for_idle(timeout = 10000)
# Check that key elements exist
app$expect_values()
})
test_that("filter interaction updates the table", {
app <- AppDriver$new(
app_dir = system.file(package = "myapp"),
name = "filter-interaction"
)
on.exit(app$stop(), add = TRUE)
# Interact with the app
app$set_inputs(`filter1-column` = "cyl")
app$wait_for_idle()
app$set_inputs(`filter1-apply` = "click")
app$wait_for_idle()
# Snapshot the output values
app$expect_values(output = "table")
})
```
要之模:
- `AppDriver$new()` 啟應於無頭 Chrome
- 恆用 `on.exit(app$stop())` 以清
- 模組入 ID 用 `"moduleId-inputId"` 之格
- `app$expect_values()` 立/比快照之文
- `app$wait_for_idle()` 確反應之新成
得:端至端試於 `tests/testthat/_snaps/` 立快照之文。
敗則:若 Chrome 未尋,設 `CHROMOTE_CHROME` 環變於 Chrome 二進之路。若快照於 CI 敗而本機過,察臺依繪之異——用 `app$expect_values()` 為資快照而非 `app$expect_screenshot()` 為視之。
### 第四步:互動錄試(可選)
```r
shinytest2::record_test("path/to/app")
```
此於瀏覽器開應與錄板。與應交,按「Save test」自生試碼。
得:試文於 `tests/testthat/` 生,含所錄之交互。
敗則:若錄不開,先察應以 `shiny::runApp()` 行成。錄須可行之應。
### 第五步:立快照之治
為快照試,治期值:
```r
# Accept new/changed snapshots after review
testthat::snapshot_accept("test-app-e2e")
# Review snapshot differences
testthat::snapshot_review("test-app-e2e")
```
加快照之目於版控:
```text
tests/testthat/_snaps/ # Committed — contains expected values
```
得:快照之文追於 git 為回之察。
敗則:若快照不期變,行 `testthat::snapshot_review()` 以見差。以 `testthat::snapshot_accept()` 受意之變。
### 第六步:合於 CI
加於 `.github/workflows/R-CMD-check.yaml` 或立專流:
```yaml
- name: Install system dependencies
run: |
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y chromium-browser
- name: Set Chrome path
run: echo "CHROMOTE_CHROME=$(which chromium-browser)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
- name: Run tests
run: |
Rscript -e 'devtools::test()'
```
為 golem 應,試前確應之包已裝:
```yaml
- name: Install app package
run: Rscript -e 'devtools::install()'
```
得:試於 CI 過,用無頭 Chrome。
敗則:常 CI 之患:Chrome 未裝(加 apt-get 步)、顯服缺(shinytest2 默無頭模故常無此患)、慢機之超時(`AppDriver$new()` 中加 `timeout`)。
## 驗
- [ ] `devtools::test()` 行諸試而無誤
- [ ] testServer() 試覆模組之服邏
- [ ] shinytest2 試覆要用流
- [ ] 快照之文已交於版控
- [ ] 試於 CI 境過
- [ ] 邊例已試(空資、NULL 入、誤態)
## 陷
- **試 UI 繪而非邏**:邏宜 `testServer()`,資宜 `app$expect_values()`。視外當要時方用 `app$expect_screenshot()`——截圖跨臺脆。
- **e2e 中模組 ID 之格**:經 AppDriver 設模組入時,用 `"moduleId-inputId"` 之格(連字符),非 `"moduleId.inputId"`。
- **時序之脆**:`app$set_inputs()` 後恆呼 `app$wait_for_idle()`。否則斷或於反應新成前行。
- **快照漂**:勿交於異臺生之快照(Mac vs Linux)。標於 CI 之臺為快照之生。
- **CI 中無 Chrome**:shinytest2 須 Chrome/Chromium。CI 流恆含裝步。
## 參
- `build-shiny-module` — 立可試之模組與明介
- `scaffold-shiny-app` — 立應構與試之基
- `write-testthat-tests` — R 包之通 testthat 模
- `setup-github-actions-ci` — R 包(golem 應)之 CI/CD 立
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