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Create Work Breakdown Structure
ASecurityCreate a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and WBS Dictionary from project charter deliverables. Covers hierarchical decomposition, WBS coding, effort estimation, dependency identification, and critical path candidates. Use after a project charter is approved, when planning a classic or waterfall project with defined deliverables, breaking a large initiative into manageable work packages, or establishing a basis for effort estimation and resource planning.
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- Added September 3, 2026
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[](https://www.skillsdirectory.com/skills/pjt222-create-work-breakdown-structure-8ae16de2)---
name: create-work-breakdown-structure
locale: wenyan
source_locale: en
source_commit: 82c77053
fence_basis_commit: 82c77053
translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman"
translation_date: "2026-04-19"
description: >
Create a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and WBS Dictionary from project
charter deliverables. Covers hierarchical decomposition, WBS coding,
effort estimation, dependency identification, and critical path candidates.
Use after a project charter is approved, when planning a classic or waterfall
project with defined deliverables, breaking a large initiative into manageable
work packages, or establishing a basis for effort estimation and resource
planning.
license: MIT
allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob
metadata:
author: Philipp Thoss
version: "1.0"
domain: project-management
complexity: intermediate
language: multi
tags: project-management, wbs, work-breakdown-structure, classic, waterfall, planning
---
# 建工分結構
分項範為層級工包,可估、派、追。WBS 為估工、計資、定程之基,破繁交為可管之組件。
## 用時
- 項章既准而範已定後
- 劃有明交之古/瀑項
- 破大舉為可管工包
- 立估工與計資之基
- 建諸所需工之共識
## 入
- **必要**:已准項章(尤範與交節)
- **必要**:項法(古/瀑,或劃用 WBS 之混)
- **可選**:似項之歷史工資
- **可選**:團組與可用技
- **可選**:組織之 WBS 樣或準
## 法
### 第一步:由章抽交
讀項章。列諸交與驗收。合為 3-7 頂類(此為 WBS 第一級之元)。
**得:** 合章之交之第一級 WBS 元列。
**敗則:** 若章泛,返 `draft-project-charter` 以精範。
### 第二步:分為工包
每第一級元,分為子元(第二、第三級)。施百分之百則:子必表父之全範。工包當:
- 可估(可以人日派工)
- 可派(一人或一團主之)
- 可量(有清畢之準)
則止分。建 WBS 概:
```markdown
# Work Breakdown Structure: [Project Name]
## Document ID: WBS-[PROJECT]-[YYYY]-[NNN]
### WBS Hierarchy
1. [Level 1: Deliverable Category A]
1.1 [Level 2: Sub-deliverable]
1.1.1 [Level 3: Work Package]
1.1.2 [Level 3: Work Package]
1.2 [Level 2: Sub-deliverable]
2. [Level 1: Deliverable Category B]
2.1 [Level 2: Sub-deliverable]
3. [Level 1: Project Management]
3.1 Planning
3.2 Monitoring & Control
3.3 Closure
```
施 WBS 碼(1.1.1 式)。至多 3-5 級深。皆含「Project Management」支。
**得:** 全 WBS 含 15-50 工包,每有唯一 WBS 碼。
**敗則:** 若分逾五級,範過大——考分為子項。
### 第三步:書 WBS 詞典
每工包(葉節)書詞典項:
```markdown
# WBS Dictionary: [Project Name]
## Document ID: WBS-DICT-[PROJECT]-[YYYY]-[NNN]
### WBS 1.1.1: [Work Package Name]
- **Description**: What this work package produces
- **Acceptance Criteria**: How to verify it's done
- **Responsible**: Person or role
- **Estimated Effort**: [T-shirt size or person-days]
- **Dependencies**: WBS codes this depends on
- **Assumptions**: Key assumptions for this work package
### WBS 1.1.2: [Work Package Name]
...
```
**得:** 每葉工包有詞典項。
**敗則:** 缺詞典項示分不全——返第二步。
### 第四步:估工
每工包,施一估法:
- **T 恤尺**(XS/S/M/L/XL)用於早期劃
- **人日** 用於詳劃
- **三點估**(樂觀/最可能/悲觀)用於高不確定工
建概表:
```markdown
## Effort Summary
| WBS Code | Work Package | Estimate | Method | Confidence |
|----------|-------------|----------|--------|------------|
| 1.1.1 | [Name] | 5 pd | person-days | High |
| 1.1.2 | [Name] | M | t-shirt | Medium |
```
總工 = 諸工包之和。
**得:** 每工包有工估含信度。
**敗則:** 若 >30% 包信度低,與專家排精會。
### 第五步:識依與關鍵徑候選
映工包間依:
```markdown
## Dependencies
| WBS Code | Depends On | Type | Notes |
|----------|-----------|------|-------|
| 1.2.1 | 1.1.1 | Finish-to-Start | Output of 1.1.1 is input to 1.2.1 |
| 2.1.1 | 1.1.2 | Finish-to-Start | |
```
識依包最長之鏈——此為關鍵徑候選。
**得:** 依表有至少識完始依。
**敗則:** 若依成環,分有誤——返第二步。
### 第六步:察而定基線
合 WBS 與詞典為終文。驗諸級百分之百則。獲相關者簽。
**得:** WBS.md 與 WBS-DICTIONARY.md 文件建而察。
**敗則:** 若相關者識缺範,加工包而重估。
## 驗
- [ ] WBS 文件建含文件 ID 與 WBS 碼
- [ ] 諸級皆滿百分之百則
- [ ] 每葉節有 WBS 詞典項
- [ ] 諸工包有工估
- [ ] 依已識而無環
- [ ] 含 Project Management 支
- [ ] 關鍵徑候選已識
- [ ] WBS 深不逾五級
## 陷
- **混交與活**:WBS 元當為名(交),非動(活)。「User Authentication Module」非「Implement Authentication」。
- **違百分之百則**:若子不合為父之全範,工將遺。
- **過淺或過深**:二級泛於劃;六級以上為微管。目標 3-5 級。
- **略 PM 支**:PM 工(劃、會、報)為實工費工。
- **分前估**:估工包非類。第一級之估不可靠。
- **無詞典**:無詞典之 WBS 為標之樹——詞典供畢之定。
## 參
- `draft-project-charter` — 供範與交以饋 WBS 分
- `manage-backlog` — 轉 WBS 工包為積項以追
- `generate-status-report` — 依 WBS % 畢報進
- `plan-sprint` — 若混法,由 WBS 工包劃衝
- `conduct-retrospective` — 察估準與分質
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