Create a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and WBS Dictionary from project charter deliverables. Covers hierarchical decomposition, WBS coding, effort estimation, dependency identification, and critical path candidates. Use after a project charter is approved, when planning a classic or waterfall project with defined deliverables, breaking a large initiative into manageable work packages, or establishing a basis for effort estimation and resource planning.
Scanned 9/3/2026
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---
name: create-work-breakdown-structure
locale: wenyan-lite
source_locale: en
source_commit: 82c77053
fence_basis_commit: 82c77053
translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman"
translation_date: "2026-04-19"
description: >
Create a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) and WBS Dictionary from project
charter deliverables. Covers hierarchical decomposition, WBS coding,
effort estimation, dependency identification, and critical path candidates.
Use after a project charter is approved, when planning a classic or waterfall
project with defined deliverables, breaking a large initiative into manageable
work packages, or establishing a basis for effort estimation and resource
planning.
license: MIT
allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob
metadata:
author: Philipp Thoss
version: "1.0"
domain: project-management
complexity: intermediate
language: multi
tags: project-management, wbs, work-breakdown-structure, classic, waterfall, planning
---
# 造工作分解結構
分項目範圍為階層之工作包,可估、可派、可追。WBS 為估工、資源計畫、排程開發之基,將複雜交付物分為可管之組件。
## 適用時機
- 項目章程核准且範圍已定後
- 計畫含既定交付物之古典/瀑布項目
- 將大倡議分為可管之工作包
- 立估工與資源計畫之基
- 造所有所需工作之共識
## 輸入
- **必要**:核准之項目章程(尤範圍與交付物段)
- **必要**:項目方法論(古典/瀑布、或含 WBS 之混合計畫)
- **選擇性**:類似項目之歷史工作資料
- **選擇性**:團隊組成與可用技能
- **選擇性**:組織之 WBS 範本或標準
## 步驟
### 步驟一:自章程萃交付物
讀項目章程。列所有交付物與接受標準。組之為 3-7 頂層類(此為 WBS Level 1 元素)。
**預期:** Level 1 WBS 元素清單合章程交付物。
**失敗時:** 若章程泛,返 `draft-project-charter` 以精修範圍。
### 步驟二:分為工作包
各 Level 1 元素,分為子元素(Level 2、Level 3)。施 100% 規則:子元素須代表父範圍之 100%。分停於工作包為:
- 可估(可以人日派工)
- 可派(一人或一團隊有之)
- 可量(明完/未完標準)
造 WBS 大綱:
```markdown
# Work Breakdown Structure: [Project Name]
## Document ID: WBS-[PROJECT]-[YYYY]-[NNN]
### WBS Hierarchy
1. [Level 1: Deliverable Category A]
1.1 [Level 2: Sub-deliverable]
1.1.1 [Level 3: Work Package]
1.1.2 [Level 3: Work Package]
1.2 [Level 2: Sub-deliverable]
2. [Level 1: Deliverable Category B]
2.1 [Level 2: Sub-deliverable]
3. [Level 1: Project Management]
3.1 Planning
3.2 Monitoring & Control
3.3 Closure
```
施 WBS 編碼(1.1.1 格式)。確保最深 3-5 層。恒含「Project Management」分支。
**預期:** 全 WBS,含 15-50 工作包,各有唯一 WBS 編碼。
**失敗時:** 若分超 5 層,範圍過大——考慮分為子項目。
### 步驟三:寫 WBS 字典
各工作包(葉節點),寫字典項:
```markdown
# WBS Dictionary: [Project Name]
## Document ID: WBS-DICT-[PROJECT]-[YYYY]-[NNN]
### WBS 1.1.1: [Work Package Name]
- **Description**: What this work package produces
- **Acceptance Criteria**: How to verify it's done
- **Responsible**: Person or role
- **Estimated Effort**: [T-shirt size or person-days]
- **Dependencies**: WBS codes this depends on
- **Assumptions**: Key assumptions for this work package
### WBS 1.1.2: [Work Package Name]
...
```
**預期:** 各葉節點工作包皆有字典項。
**失敗時:** 缺之字典項指分解不全——返步驟二。
### 步驟四:估工
各工作包施一估法:
- **T-shirt 尺碼**(XS/S/M/L/XL)供早期計畫
- **人日**供細計畫
- **三點估**(樂觀/最可能/悲觀)供高不確之工
造摘要表:
```markdown
## Effort Summary
| WBS Code | Work Package | Estimate | Method | Confidence |
|----------|-------------|----------|--------|------------|
| 1.1.1 | [Name] | 5 pd | person-days | High |
| 1.1.2 | [Name] | M | t-shirt | Medium |
```
總工 = 所有工作包之和。
**預期:** 各工作包皆有估工含所述信心度。
**失敗時:** 若 >30% 之包信心為 Low,與 SME 排精修會。
### 步驟五:辨依賴與關鍵路徑候選
映工作包間之依賴:
```markdown
## Dependencies
| WBS Code | Depends On | Type | Notes |
|----------|-----------|------|-------|
| 1.2.1 | 1.1.1 | Finish-to-Start | Output of 1.1.1 is input to 1.2.1 |
| 2.1.1 | 1.1.2 | Finish-to-Start | |
```
辨依賴工作包之最長鏈——此為關鍵路徑候選。
**預期:** 依賴表含至少 finish-to-start 關係。
**失敗時:** 若依賴成環,分解有誤——返步驟二。
### 步驟六:審與基線
合 WBS 與字典為終檔。各層驗 100% 規則。得相關者簽。
**預期:** WBS.md 與 WBS-DICTIONARY.md 檔已造並審。
**失敗時:** 若相關者辨缺範圍,加工作包並重估。
## 驗證
- [ ] WBS 檔已造,含文件 ID 與 WBS 編碼
- [ ] 100% 規則於各層皆滿:子完整代表父範圍
- [ ] 各葉節點有 WBS 字典項
- [ ] 所有工作包皆有估工
- [ ] 依賴已辨,無循環引用
- [ ] 含 Project Management 分支
- [ ] 關鍵路徑候選已辨
- [ ] WBS 深度不超 5 層
## 常見陷阱
- **混交付物與活動**:WBS 元素當為名詞(交付物),非動詞(活動)。「User Authentication Module」非「Implement Authentication」
- **違 100% 規則**:若子不合父範圍之 100%,工作將被漏
- **過淺或過深**:2 層於計畫過泛;6+ 層為微管理。目標 3-5 層
- **跳 Project Management 分支**:PM 工作(計畫、會議、報告)為耗工之實工
- **分解前估**:估工作包,非類。Level 1 之估不可靠
- **無字典**:無字典之 WBS 為標籤之樹——字典提供完成之定義
## 相關技能
- `draft-project-charter` —— 提供餵 WBS 分解之範圍與交付物
- `manage-backlog` —— 將 WBS 工作包轉為追之積壓項
- `generate-status-report` —— 對 WBS 完成率報告進度
- `plan-sprint` —— 若用混合法,自 WBS 工作包計畫衝刺
- `conduct-retrospective` —— 審估之準度與分解之品質
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