Create interactive maps, elevation profiles, and spatial visualizations from GPX tracks, waypoints, or route data using R (sf, leaflet, tmap) or Observable (D3, deck.gl). Covers data import, coordinate system handling, map styling, and export to HTML or image formats. Use when visualizing a planned or completed tour route on an interactive map, creating elevation profiles for hiking or cycling routes, overlaying waypoints and POIs on a basemap, or building a web-based trip dashboard.
Scanned 9/3/2026
Install to Claude Code
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---
name: create-spatial-visualization
locale: wenyan-ultra
source_locale: en
source_commit: 82c77053
fence_basis_commit: 82c77053
translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman"
translation_date: "2026-04-19"
description: >
Create interactive maps, elevation profiles, and spatial visualizations
from GPX tracks, waypoints, or route data using R (sf, leaflet, tmap)
or Observable (D3, deck.gl). Covers data import, coordinate system
handling, map styling, and export to HTML or image formats. Use when
visualizing a planned or completed tour route on an interactive map,
creating elevation profiles for hiking or cycling routes, overlaying
waypoints and POIs on a basemap, or building a web-based trip dashboard.
license: MIT
allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob
metadata:
author: Philipp Thoss
version: "1.0"
domain: travel
complexity: advanced
language: multi
tags: travel, maps, leaflet, gpx, elevation, visualization
---
# 造空視
自 GPX 跡、途點、徑數造互動圖、高剖、空視。
## 用
- 於互圖視計或畢遊徑
- 為徒或騎徑造高剖
- 於基圖覆途點、POI、徑帶
- 為印報生靜圖
- 築含空數之網遊板
## 入
- **必**:空源(GPX 檔、含 lat/lon CSV、GeoJSON、途點列)
- **必**:視型(互圖、靜圖、高剖、熱圖)
- **可**:基圖宜(OpenStreetMap、衛、地、拓)
- **可**:風參(色、線寬、標圖)
- **可**:出式(HTML widget、PNG、SVG、嵌 Quarto)
- **可**:加層(POI、域界、距標)
## 行
### 一:引空數
載且解空數為可用式。
**R 法(sf 包):**
```r
# GPX file
track <- sf::st_read("route.gpx", layer = "tracks")
waypoints <- sf::st_read("route.gpx", layer = "waypoints")
# CSV with coordinates
points <- readr::read_csv("stops.csv") |>
sf::st_as_sf(coords = c("lon", "lat"), crs = 4326)
# GeoJSON
route <- sf::st_read("route.geojson")
```
**JS 法(為 Observable/D3):**
```javascript
// GPX parsing
const gpxText = await FileAttachment("route.gpx").text();
const parser = new DOMParser();
const gpxDoc = parser.parseFromString(gpxText, "text/xml");
// Extract track points
const trkpts = gpxDoc.querySelectorAll("trkpt");
const coordinates = Array.from(trkpts).map(pt => ({
lat: +pt.getAttribute("lat"),
lon: +pt.getAttribute("lon"),
ele: +pt.querySelector("ele")?.textContent || 0
}));
```
驗 CRS 為 WGS 84(EPSG:4326)為網圖。
**得:** 空數載為 sf 物(R)或坐陣(JS)含有效幾。點數合期入(如 GPX 跡含百至千點)。
**敗:** GPX 解敗→察檔為有效 XML。常問:GPS 電盡致斷檔、混命名空間、GPX 1.0 與 1.1 異。CRS 缺→以 `sf::st_set_crs(data, 4326)` 顯設。坐倒(lat/lon 換)→察列序。
### 二:理與清
化原數為析備空特。
```text
Processing Pipeline:
┌─────────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Operation │ Purpose │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ Remove duplicates │ GPS often logs identical points at stops │
│ Smooth track │ Reduce GPS jitter in dense urban areas │
│ Calculate distances │ Cumulative distance along track │
│ Extract elevation │ Build elevation profile data │
│ Segment by day │ Split multi-day tracks into daily legs │
│ Buffer route │ Create corridor for POI discovery │
│ Simplify geometry │ Reduce point count for web performance │
└─────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
**R 處例:**
```r
# Calculate cumulative distance
track_points <- sf::st_cast(track, "POINT")
distances <- sf::st_distance(track_points[-nrow(track_points), ],
track_points[-1, ],
by_element = TRUE)
cumulative_km <- cumsum(as.numeric(distances)) / 1000
# Extract elevation profile data
elevation_df <- data.frame(
distance_km = c(0, cumulative_km),
elevation_m = sf::st_coordinates(track_points)[, 3]
)
# Simplify for web display (keep 1% of points)
track_simple <- sf::st_simplify(track, dTolerance = 0.001)
```
**得:** 含算距、取高、簡幾之潔空數。無 NA 坐、無零長段。
**敗:** 高缺(某 GPS 常)→用 DEM 查服或注高剖不可用。跡簡去要形細→減容值。距算 NA→以 `sf::st_is_empty()` 察空幾。
### 三:擇視型
擇且設合數與眾之視。
```text
Visualization Decision Matrix:
┌─────────────────────┬──────────────────────┬───────────────────┐
│ Type │ Best for │ Tool │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
│ Interactive map │ Web, exploration │ leaflet (R), │
│ │ │ deck.gl (JS) │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
│ Static map │ Print, reports │ tmap (R), │
│ │ │ ggplot2 + ggspatial│
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
│ Elevation profile │ Hiking/cycling │ ggplot2, D3 │
│ │ analysis │ │
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
│ Heatmap │ Visit density, │ leaflet.extras, │
│ │ coverage │ deck.gl HeatmapLayer│
├─────────────────────┼──────────────────────┼───────────────────┤
│ 3D terrain │ Mountain routes │ rayshader (R), │
│ │ │ deck.gl TerrainLayer│
└─────────────────────┴──────────────────────┴───────────────────┘
```
設合內之基圖瓦:
- **OpenStreetMap**:泛用、標佳
- **Stamen Terrain**:徒與外徑
- **ESRI World Imagery**:衛脈
- **OpenTopoMap**:為高脈之拓等
**得:** 視型與具鏈之明決、基圖以補徑數。
**敗:** 擇具不能理數量(如 leaflet 含 100,000+ 跡點)→先簡幾或轉為 canvas 基渲(deck.gl)。基圖瓦不可用→退至 OpenStreetMap 為最靠免選。
### 四:渲圖或圖
含諸層與風築視。
**互圖(R/leaflet):**
```r
leaflet::leaflet() |>
leaflet::addProviderTiles("OpenTopoMap") |>
leaflet::addPolylines(
data = track,
color = "#2563eb",
weight = 4,
opacity = 0.8
) |>
leaflet::addCircleMarkers(
data = waypoints,
radius = 8,
color = "#dc2626",
fillOpacity = 0.9,
popup = ~name
) |>
leaflet::addScaleBar(position = "bottomleft") |>
leaflet::addMiniMap(position = "bottomright")
```
**高剖(R/ggplot2):**
```r
ggplot2::ggplot(elevation_df, ggplot2::aes(x = distance_km, y = elevation_m)) +
ggplot2::geom_area(fill = "#93c5fd", alpha = 0.4) +
ggplot2::geom_line(color = "#2563eb", linewidth = 0.8) +
ggplot2::labs(
x = "Distance (km)",
y = "Elevation (m)",
title = "Elevation Profile"
) +
ggplot2::theme_minimal()
```
須則加補層:每 N km 距標、日分指、難色段、POI 圖。
**得:** 清顯徑、途點、補之渲視。互圖當應、含可用彈與縮。高剖當含正軸尺。
**敗:** 圖渲無數→察坐於正 CRS(leaflet 之 EPSG:4326)。彈空→驗彈式中列名。高剖含極峰→濾 GPS 高誤(偏鄰 100 m 以上者)。
### 五:出與嵌
於目式存視。
```text
Export Options:
┌───────────────────┬────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Format │ Method │
├───────────────────┼────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│ HTML widget │ htmlwidgets::saveWidget(map, "map.html") │
│ PNG (static) │ mapview::mapshot() or ggplot2::ggsave() │
│ SVG (vector) │ ggplot2::ggsave("plot.svg") │
│ Quarto embed │ Place leaflet/ggplot code in .qmd chunk │
│ GeoJSON export │ sf::st_write(data, "output.geojson") │
│ KML (Google Earth)│ sf::st_write(data, "output.kml") │
└───────────────────┴────────────────────────────────────────────┘
```
Quarto 嵌:
1. 置視碼於含合標之碼塊
2. 用 `#| fig-cap:` 為靜圖或 `#| label: fig-map` 為交引
3. 於 YAML 設 `self-contained: true` 以捆瓦像(增檔寸)
**得:** 出檔於目脈可視(HTML 於瀏、嵌於報、印 PNG/SVG)。檔寸合(HTML widgets <5 MB、像 <1 MB)。
**敗:** HTML widget 過大→減瓦快或簡幾。Quarto 渲 leaflet 敗→保 htmlwidgets 包裝、出式為 HTML(leaflet 不渲至 PDF)。PDF 出用靜圖代(tmap `tmap_mode("plot")`)。
## 驗
- [ ] 空數引無誤且含正 CRS
- [ ] 諸跡點與途點渲於期地域
- [ ] 高剖(若含)顯合值而無極峰
- [ ] 互圖含可用縮、移、彈
- [ ] 距與高尺正標
- [ ] 出檔於目式可視
- [ ] 檔寸合交法
## 忌
- **CRS 不合**:混 EPSG:4326(度)與投影 CRS(米)致數渲於誤位或誤尺。網圖恆轉至 EPSG:4326
- **GPS 高噪**:GPS 高遠不及水準。剖用平或 DEM 基高
- **瓦服限**:速取多瓦或觸免瓦服之限。地快瓦為重渲、尊用策
- **過細跡**:一秒誌之原 GPS 跡生巨檔。網顯前簡
- **Leaflet 於 PDF**:Leaflet 圖不可渲於 PDF。印式用 tmap 或 ggplot2 含 ggspatial
- **缺彈**:忘加 `popup = ~column_name` 致標擊無信
## 參
- `plan-tour-route` — 生此技視之徑數
- `generate-tour-report` — 嵌視於式遊報
- `plan-hiking-tour` — 徒視之 GPX 與高源
- `create-quarto-report` — 為嵌空視之 Quarto 渲
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