Build a plugin or adapter for a CLI tool using the abstract base class pattern. Covers defining the contract (static fields, required methods), choosing an installation strategy (symlink, copy, append-to-file), implementing detection, install/uninstall with idempotency, listing, auditing, and registering the plugin. Use when adding support for a new framework to a CLI installer, building a plugin system for any multi-target tool, or extending an existing adapter architecture.
Scanned 9/3/2026
Install to Claude Code
npx -y skills add pjt222/agent-almanac --skill build-cli-plugin --agent claude-codeInstalls into .claude/skills of the current project.
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---
name: build-cli-plugin
locale: wenyan
source_locale: en
source_commit: 82c77053
fence_basis_commit: 82c77053
translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman"
translation_date: "2026-04-19"
description: >
Build a plugin or adapter for a CLI tool using the abstract base class
pattern. Covers defining the contract (static fields, required methods),
choosing an installation strategy (symlink, copy, append-to-file),
implementing detection, install/uninstall with idempotency, listing,
auditing, and registering the plugin. Use when adding support for a
new framework to a CLI installer, building a plugin system for any
multi-target tool, or extending an existing adapter architecture.
license: MIT
allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob
metadata:
author: Philipp Thoss
version: "1.0"
domain: cli
complexity: intermediate
language: TypeScript
tags:
- cli
- plugin
- adapter
- architecture
- nodejs
---
# 建 CLI 之插件
以抽象基類之式加新插件或適配於 CLI 工具之可插架。
## 用時
- 加新標框架於 CLI 裝器
- 為多標之命行工具建插件系
- 擴現有適配架以新策之變
- 移內容之交於用異檔佈之框架
## 入
- **必要**:插件所支之框架或標(名、設路、規)
- **必要**:基類或插件契之路
- **必要**:裝略:`symlink`、`copy`、`file-per-item`、或 `append-to-file`
- **可選**:插件所理之內容類(如只技、技加人、全支)
- **可選**:範支(項目級、全局、二者)
## 法
### 第一步:定契
基類立諸插件必施之介:
```javascript
export class FrameworkAdapter {
static id = 'base'; // Unique identifier
static displayName = 'Base'; // Human-readable name
static strategy = 'symlink'; // Installation strategy
static contentTypes = ['skill']; // What this adapter handles
async detect(projectDir) { return false; }
getTargetPath(projectDir, scope) { throw new Error('Not implemented'); }
async install(item, projectDir, scope, options) { throw new Error('Not implemented'); }
async uninstall(item, projectDir, scope, options) { throw new Error('Not implemented'); }
async listInstalled(projectDir, scope) { return []; }
async audit(projectDir, scope) { return { framework: this.constructor.displayName, ok: [], warnings: [], errors: [] }; }
supports(contentType) { return this.constructor.contentTypes.includes(contentType); }
}
```
**靜態欄**定插件之身與能:
- `id`:用於 `--framework <id>` 選與果報
- `displayName`:人讀之輸出所見
- `strategy`:定內容達標之法
- `contentTypes`:篩此適配所收之項
若基類未建,先建之。此式可擴至任數之插件。
**得:** 基類備,含靜身欄與抽象法。
**敗則:** 若基類有法不適諸插件(如諸框架未皆支 `audit`),供默實為合理之無作。
### 第二步:擇裝略
| Strategy | When to use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| **symlink** | Target reads source files directly. Cheapest, stays in sync. | Claude Code reads `.claude/skills/<name>/` symlinks |
| **copy** | Target needs files in its own directory. Modifications don't propagate. | Some IDEs index only their own dirs |
| **file-per-item** | Target expects one file per item with specific format. | Cursor `.mdc` rules files |
| **append-to-file** | Target reads a single instructions file. | Aider `CONVENTIONS.md`, Codex `AGENTS.md` |
略決施之形:
- **Symlink**:`symlinkSync(source, target)` — 理相對與絕對之路
- **Copy**:`cpSync(source, target, { recursive: true })` — 理覆寫
- **File-per-item**:`writeFileSync(target, transform(content))` — 或須格式轉
- **Append-to-file**:以標裹內容以冪等插/換/刪
**得:** 已擇略,附清由,據標框架如何察內容。
**敗則:** 若不定,察框架之文如何察設或指檔。若框架讀任目,默為 symlink。
### 第三步:施察
察告 CLI 項目中何框架存:
```javascript
// In detector.js — each rule checks for a filesystem marker
const RULES = [
{
id: 'my-framework',
displayName: 'My Framework',
check: (dir) => existsSync(resolve(dir, '.myframework/')),
marker: '.myframework/',
scope: 'project',
},
];
```
察之略:
- **目存**:`.claude/`、`.cursor/`、`.gemini/`
- **設檔**:`opencode.json`、`.aider.conf.yml`
- **指檔**:`AGENTS.md`、`CONVENTIONS.md`
- **全局標**:`~/.openclaw/`、`~/.hermes/`
恆於察果中返標,令用者知框架何以被察。
**得:** 察律穩識框架而無誤報。
**敗則:** 若框架無獨標(泛目名),合諸標用之,或須明之 `--framework` 指。
### 第四步:施裝,帶冪等
```javascript
async install(item, projectDir, scope, options) {
const targetDir = this.getTargetPath(projectDir, scope);
const targetPath = resolve(targetDir, item.id);
// Idempotency: skip if already installed (unless force)
if (existsSync(targetPath) && !options.force) {
return { action: 'skipped', path: targetPath };
}
if (options.dryRun) {
return { action: 'created', path: targetPath, details: 'dry-run' };
}
// Ensure parent directory exists
mkdirSync(targetDir, { recursive: true });
// Strategy-specific installation
if (this.constructor.strategy === 'symlink') {
const relPath = relative(targetDir, item.sourceDir);
symlinkSync(relPath, targetPath);
} else if (this.constructor.strategy === 'copy') {
cpSync(item.sourceDir, targetPath, { recursive: true });
}
return { action: 'created', path: targetPath };
}
```
冪等之律:
- 標存且未 `--force`:**略**
- 設 `--force`:**覆**(先刪而後裝)
- 乾行:恆成功,返 `action: 'created'`
- 返值:恆為 `{ action, path, details? }`
**得:** 裝於標路建內容,若存則略,敬 `--force` 與 `--dry-run`。
**敗則:** Windows/NTFS 上 symlink 建敗者,降為目 junction 或 copy。記降級。
### 第五步:施卸,帶清
```javascript
async uninstall(item, projectDir, scope, options) {
const targetDir = this.getTargetPath(projectDir, scope);
const targetPath = resolve(targetDir, item.id);
if (!existsSync(targetPath)) {
return { action: 'skipped', path: targetPath };
}
if (options.dryRun) {
return { action: 'removed', path: targetPath };
}
// Remove the installed content
rmSync(targetPath, { recursive: true });
return { action: 'removed', path: targetPath };
}
```
清之考:
- 只刪插件所裝者——勿刪用者所作之檔
- append-to-file:刪標區,非全檔
- 留父目(他插件或用之)
**得:** 卸只刪插件之內容,他無損。
**敗則:** 若刪敗(權、鎖),返錯果而非拋。
### 第六步:施列與察
```javascript
async listInstalled(projectDir, scope) {
const targetDir = this.getTargetPath(projectDir, scope);
if (!existsSync(targetDir)) return [];
const entries = readdirSync(targetDir);
return entries.map(name => {
const fullPath = resolve(targetDir, name);
const broken = lstatSync(fullPath).isSymbolicLink()
&& !existsSync(fullPath);
return { id: name, type: 'skill', broken };
});
}
async audit(projectDir, scope) {
const items = await this.listInstalled(projectDir, scope);
const ok = items.filter(i => !i.broken);
const broken = items.filter(i => i.broken);
return {
framework: this.constructor.displayName,
ok: [`${ok.length} skills installed`],
warnings: [],
errors: broken.map(i => `Broken: ${i.id}`),
};
}
```
**得:** 列返諸裝項,含斷鏈之察。察總其康。
**敗則:** 若標目不存,返空果(非錯——乃框架未裝)。
### 第七步:註插件
```javascript
// In adapters/index.js
import { MyFrameworkAdapter } from './my-framework.js';
register(MyFrameworkAdapter);
```
註令適配可用於:
- 自動察(`detectFrameworks()` → `getAdaptersForDetections()`)
- 明擇(`--framework my-framework`)
- 列(`listAdapters()`)
**得:** 適配見於 `tool detect` 之輸出,可以 `--framework` 指之。
**敗則:** 若適配不現,驗 `static id` 合察律之 `id` 且 `register()` 已呼。
### 第八步:書測
```javascript
describe('adapter: my-framework (dry-run)', () => {
it('targets the correct path', () => {
const out = run('install create-skill --framework my-framework --dry-run');
assert.match(out, /\.myframework/i);
});
});
```
至少測:乾行之路、察之存、內容類之支。
**得:** 適配特測證裝之路與行。
**敗則:** CI 中無標目而框架不察者,測中明用 `--framework`。
## 驗
- [ ] 插件正擴基類
- [ ] 靜欄(`id`、`displayName`、`strategy`、`contentTypes`)已設
- [ ] 察律識框架而無誤報
- [ ] `install()` 冪等(若存則略,敬 `--force`)
- [ ] `uninstall()` 只刪插件所建者
- [ ] `listInstalled()` 察斷 symlink
- [ ] `audit()` 準報康
- [ ] 插件已註,現於 `tool detect`
- [ ] 乾行測過
## 陷
- **忘相對與絕對 symlink**:項目範之 symlink 宜相對(可攜)。全範之 symlink 宜絕對(不依 cwd)
- **未理缺父目**:恆 `mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true })` 於建內容前
- **append-to-file 無標**:無冪等標(`<!-- start:id -->` / `<!-- end:id -->`),反覆裝重內容。恆以標裹附之內容
- **察誤報**:泛目名(如 `.config/`)或合多框架。用目內之特檔標
- **忘 `supports()` 察**:裝器於派前呼 `supports(item.type)`。若 `contentTypes` 誤,適配默略項
## 參
- `scaffold-cli-command` — 建用此插件之 CLI 命
- `test-cli-application` — CLI 工具之測模式,含適配測
- `design-cli-output` — 裝卸果之終端輸出
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