Build a plugin or adapter for a CLI tool using the abstract base class pattern. Covers defining the contract (static fields, required methods), choosing an installation strategy (symlink, copy, append-to-file), implementing detection, install/uninstall with idempotency, listing, auditing, and registering the plugin. Use when adding support for a new framework to a CLI installer, building a plugin system for any multi-target tool, or extending an existing adapter architecture.
Scanned 9/3/2026
Install to Claude Code
npx -y skills add pjt222/agent-almanac --skill build-cli-plugin --agent claude-codeInstalls into .claude/skills of the current project.
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---
name: build-cli-plugin
locale: wenyan-lite
source_locale: en
source_commit: 82c77053
fence_basis_commit: 82c77053
translator: "Julius Brussee homage — caveman"
translation_date: "2026-04-19"
description: >
Build a plugin or adapter for a CLI tool using the abstract base class
pattern. Covers defining the contract (static fields, required methods),
choosing an installation strategy (symlink, copy, append-to-file),
implementing detection, install/uninstall with idempotency, listing,
auditing, and registering the plugin. Use when adding support for a
new framework to a CLI installer, building a plugin system for any
multi-target tool, or extending an existing adapter architecture.
license: MIT
allowed-tools: Read Write Edit Bash Grep Glob
metadata:
author: Philipp Thoss
version: "1.0"
domain: cli
complexity: intermediate
language: TypeScript
tags:
- cli
- plugin
- adapter
- architecture
- nodejs
---
# Build a CLI Plugin
以抽象基類模式為 CLI 工具之可插架構加新插件或適配器。
## 適用時機
- 為 CLI 安裝器加新目標框架之支援
- 為多目標命令列工具建插件系統
- 以新策略變體擴既有適配器架構
- 將內容交付移植至用異文件佈局之框架
## 輸入
- **必要**:插件所支之框架或目標(名、配置路徑、約定)
- **必要**:基類或插件合同之路徑
- **必要**:安裝策略:`symlink`、`copy`、`file-per-item` 或 `append-to-file`
- **選擇性**:插件處之內容類型(如僅 skills、skills + agents、全支援)
- **選擇性**:範圍支援(項目級、全域、二者)
## 步驟
### 步驟一:定合同
基類立諸插件須實作之介面:
```javascript
export class FrameworkAdapter {
static id = 'base'; // Unique identifier
static displayName = 'Base'; // Human-readable name
static strategy = 'symlink'; // Installation strategy
static contentTypes = ['skill']; // What this adapter handles
async detect(projectDir) { return false; }
getTargetPath(projectDir, scope) { throw new Error('Not implemented'); }
async install(item, projectDir, scope, options) { throw new Error('Not implemented'); }
async uninstall(item, projectDir, scope, options) { throw new Error('Not implemented'); }
async listInstalled(projectDir, scope) { return []; }
async audit(projectDir, scope) { return { framework: this.constructor.displayName, ok: [], warnings: [], errors: [] }; }
supports(contentType) { return this.constructor.contentTypes.includes(contentType); }
}
```
**靜態欄位**定插件之身與能:
- `id`:用於 `--framework <id>` 選項與結果報告
- `displayName`:於人可讀輸出所示
- `strategy`:定內容如何至目標
- `contentTypes`:濾此適配器所接之項
若基類尚不存,先創之。此模式可伸至任多插件。
**預期:** 含靜身欄位與抽象方法之基類。
**失敗時:** 若基類有方法不適於諸插件(如非諸框架皆支 `audit`),提預設實作返合理無操作。
### 步驟二:擇安裝策略
| Strategy | When to use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| **symlink** | 目標直讀源文件。最廉、恆同步。 | Claude Code 讀 `.claude/skills/<name>/` 之 symlinks |
| **copy** | 目標需文件於其自目錄。改不傳。 | 某些 IDE 只索其自目錄 |
| **file-per-item** | 目標期每項一文件,具特定格式。 | Cursor `.mdc` 規則文件 |
| **append-to-file** | 目標讀單指令文件。 | Aider `CONVENTIONS.md`、Codex `AGENTS.md` |
策略定實作之形:
- **Symlink**:`symlinkSync(source, target)`——處相對對絕對路徑
- **Copy**:`cpSync(source, target, { recursive: true })`——處覆寫
- **File-per-item**:`writeFileSync(target, transform(content))`——或需格式轉
- **Append-to-file**:包內容於標記以冪等插/改/刪
**預期:** 擇策略附明理,基於目標框架如何發現內容。
**失敗時:** 若不確,查框架之文檔察其如何發現配置或指令文件。若框架讀任意目錄,預設用 symlink。
### 步驟三:實作偵測
偵測告 CLI 項目中有何框架:
```javascript
// In detector.js — each rule checks for a filesystem marker
const RULES = [
{
id: 'my-framework',
displayName: 'My Framework',
check: (dir) => existsSync(resolve(dir, '.myframework/')),
marker: '.myframework/',
scope: 'project',
},
];
```
偵測策略:
- **目錄存**:`.claude/`、`.cursor/`、`.gemini/`
- **配置文件**:`opencode.json`、`.aider.conf.yml`
- **指令文件**:`AGENTS.md`、`CONVENTIONS.md`
- **全域標記**:`~/.openclaw/`、`~/.hermes/`
恆於偵測果返標記,以使用戶可解框架何以被偵測。
**預期:** 偵測規則可靠辨框架而無偽陽。
**失敗時:** 若框架無唯一標記(泛目錄名),用標記之合或求明之 `--framework` 指定。
### 步驟四:實作冪等之安裝
```javascript
async install(item, projectDir, scope, options) {
const targetDir = this.getTargetPath(projectDir, scope);
const targetPath = resolve(targetDir, item.id);
// Idempotency: skip if already installed (unless force)
if (existsSync(targetPath) && !options.force) {
return { action: 'skipped', path: targetPath };
}
if (options.dryRun) {
return { action: 'created', path: targetPath, details: 'dry-run' };
}
// Ensure parent directory exists
mkdirSync(targetDir, { recursive: true });
// Strategy-specific installation
if (this.constructor.strategy === 'symlink') {
const relPath = relative(targetDir, item.sourceDir);
symlinkSync(relPath, targetPath);
} else if (this.constructor.strategy === 'copy') {
cpSync(item.sourceDir, targetPath, { recursive: true });
}
return { action: 'created', path: targetPath };
}
```
冪等之則:
- **略**若目標存且 `--force` 未設
- **覆**若 `--force` 已設(先刪再裝)
- **乾跑**恆以 `action: 'created'` 成
- **返值**恆須為 `{ action, path, details? }`
**預期:** 安裝於目標路徑建內容,既存則略,重 `--force` 與 `--dry-run`。
**失敗時:** 若 Windows/NTFS 上 symlink 建失,退為目錄 junction 或 copy。記此退。
### 步驟五:實作清理之卸載
```javascript
async uninstall(item, projectDir, scope, options) {
const targetDir = this.getTargetPath(projectDir, scope);
const targetPath = resolve(targetDir, item.id);
if (!existsSync(targetPath)) {
return { action: 'skipped', path: targetPath };
}
if (options.dryRun) {
return { action: 'removed', path: targetPath };
}
// Remove the installed content
rmSync(targetPath, { recursive: true });
return { action: 'removed', path: targetPath };
}
```
清理之慮:
- 只刪插件所裝——永勿刪用戶所創之文件
- 對 append-to-file:刪所標之段,非全文件
- 留父目錄完整(他插件或用之)
**預期:** 卸載只刪插件之內容而無他。
**失敗時:** 若刪失(權限、鎖文件),返錯結果而非拋。
### 步驟六:實作列舉與審
```javascript
async listInstalled(projectDir, scope) {
const targetDir = this.getTargetPath(projectDir, scope);
if (!existsSync(targetDir)) return [];
const entries = readdirSync(targetDir);
return entries.map(name => {
const fullPath = resolve(targetDir, name);
const broken = lstatSync(fullPath).isSymbolicLink()
&& !existsSync(fullPath);
return { id: name, type: 'skill', broken };
});
}
async audit(projectDir, scope) {
const items = await this.listInstalled(projectDir, scope);
const ok = items.filter(i => !i.broken);
const broken = items.filter(i => i.broken);
return {
framework: this.constructor.displayName,
ok: [`${ok.length} skills installed`],
warnings: [],
errors: broken.map(i => `Broken: ${i.id}`),
};
}
```
**預期:** 列舉返諸裝項,附破鏈偵測。審總健康。
**失敗時:** 若目標目錄不存,返空(非錯——框架只是無裝)。
### 步驟七:註冊插件
```javascript
// In adapters/index.js
import { MyFrameworkAdapter } from './my-framework.js';
register(MyFrameworkAdapter);
```
註冊令適配器可用於:
- 自動偵測(`detectFrameworks()` → `getAdaptersForDetections()`)
- 明擇(`--framework my-framework`)
- 列舉(`listAdapters()`)
**預期:** 適配器於 `tool detect` 輸出顯,可以 `--framework` 為標。
**失敗時:** 若適配器不顯,驗 `static id` 合偵測規則之 `id` 且 `register()` 已呼。
### 步驟八:書測試
```javascript
describe('adapter: my-framework (dry-run)', () => {
it('targets the correct path', () => {
const out = run('install create-skill --framework my-framework --dry-run');
assert.match(out, /\.myframework/i);
});
});
```
至少測:乾跑路徑、偵測存、內容類型支援。
**預期:** 適配器專之測確安裝路徑與行為。
**失敗時:** 若框架於 CI 中未偵(無標記目錄),測中明用 `--framework`。
## 驗證
- [ ] 插件正擴基類
- [ ] 靜態欄位(`id`、`displayName`、`strategy`、`contentTypes`)已設
- [ ] 偵測規則辨框架而無偽陽
- [ ] `install()` 冪等(存則略、重 `--force`)
- [ ] `uninstall()` 只刪插件所創內容
- [ ] `listInstalled()` 偵破 symlinks
- [ ] `audit()` 準報健康
- [ ] 插件已註,於 `tool detect` 顯
- [ ] 乾跑測過
## 常見陷阱
- **忽相對對絕對 symlinks**:項目範圍之 symlinks 當為相對(可移)。全域範圍之 symlinks 當為絕對(不依 cwd)。
- **未處父目錄之缺**:恆 `mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true })` 後創內容。
- **無標記之 append-to-file**:無冪等之標記(`<!-- start:id -->` / `<!-- end:id -->`),重裝複內容。恆包附加之內容。
- **偵測之偽陽**:泛目錄名(如 `.config/`)或配諸框架。用目錄中之專文件標記。
- **忽 `supports()` 之查**:安裝器呼 `supports(item.type)` 後派。若 `contentTypes` 誤,適配器默略項。
## 相關技能
- `scaffold-cli-command` — 建用此插件之 CLI 命令
- `test-cli-application` — CLI 工具之測模式,含適配器測
- `design-cli-output` — 安/卸載結果之終端輸出
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