Spain Crypto Tax

---
name: spain-crypto-tax
description: "Compute 2026 common-territory Spanish individual tax on cryptocurrency sales, swaps and qualifying investment staking. Covers global FIFO across exchanges, directly attributable fees, the greater-market-value swap rule, acquisition-lot continuity, separate savings baskets, limited loss offset and foreign third-party custody reporting on Modelo 721. Use for Bitcoin Spain, crypto tax Spain, criptomonedas IRPF, staking, exchange losses, foreign custody or digital-asset declaration questions. Distinguishes investment gains from employment, organised services, non-transfer gains and unpaid-credit losses. Includes two executable examples and the actual custody, threshold and cessation tests. Identifies unresolved reacquisition and specialist token cases rather than applying securities rules or retired penalties to every coin."
license: "AGPL-3.0-or-later (code) / OpenAccountants Guide License v1.0 (content)"
metadata:
  source: openaccountants
  openaccountants_url: "https://www.openaccountants.com/skills/spain-crypto-tax"
  jurisdiction: "ES"
  tax_year: "2026"
  last_updated: "2026-11-06"
---

# Spain cryptocurrency: 2026 individual income tax and foreign-custody reporting v1.3

## Who this applies to

This Guide covers **2026** common-territory IRPF for an individual investing in cryptocurrency, including sales, swaps, qualifying staking income, losses and foreign-custody information reporting. Spanish residents ordinarily bring worldwide income into IRPF under [LIRPF arts. 2 and 8–9](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a2). A foreign platform does not exempt its income. Foral law, a valid incoming-worker election and non-residence require their own route; see [es-income-tax](es-income-tax.md), [es-beckham](es-beckham.md) and [IRNR/cross-border](es-non-resident-income-tax-irnr-and.md).

**Foral ordinary disposals use their own method.** For Bizkaia, Álava, Gipuzkoa or Navarra, use [the foral PIT crypto method](es-foral-income-tax-savings.md#ordinary-nonbusiness-crypto-sales-swaps-and-loss-timing) and [dated local foreign-custody reporting route](es-foral-income-tax-savings.md#foreign-crypto-custody2026-balances-and-the2027-procedure). Those additions supply local fiat-sale costs/update, Basque fungible FIFO, statutory different-coin swap valuation, source-specific loss treatment and local annual savings routing. The common-territory DGT/AEAT explanations below do not establish another territory's rules. The foral method supplies labelled own-law B/G/Navarra received-swap-basis derivations, evidenced mixed-fee and separate fee-token ledgers, and Navarra actual-provenance calculations. It preserves Álava's loss-release cross-reference conflict, Navarra indistinguishable-unit identification and fungible reacquisition questions, plus2027 model/procedure boundaries; these ordinary limits are distinct from the special-token/wealth work reserved below.

Classify each transaction by its actual contract and activity. A platform's “earn”, “staking”, “airdrop” or “yield” label is insufficient. Own-account investment is distinct from organised production/services under [art. 27](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a27); frequent purchases alone are not the complete legal test. Company holdings use corporate tax and accounting, not this individual rate computation. Security tokens, NFTs and a transfer of a claim against an insolvent exchange can have different legal rights from an ordinary fungible coin.

## Rates, bands and thresholds

The savings rates below are the **combined state and regional halves** for 2026 common territory, from [LIRPF arts. 66 and 76](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a66). They apply to the final savings taxable base, not gross sale proceeds or each transaction separately.

| Savings taxable base, EUR | Combined marginal rate | Cumulative tax at upper end | Tax year | Official source |
|---|---:|---:|---|---|
| 0–6,000 | 19% | 1,140 | 2026 | [Arts. 66/76](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a76) |
| >6,000–50,000 | 21% | 10,380 | 2026 | [Arts. 66/76](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a76) |
| >50,000–200,000 | 23% | 44,880 | 2026 | [Arts. 66/76](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a76) |
| >200,000–300,000 | 27% | 71,880 | 2026 | [Arts. 66/76](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a76) |
| Above 300,000 | 30% | No upper limit | 2026 | [Arts. 66/76](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a76) |

| Other computation/reporting item | Amount/test | Tax year | Official source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-basket savings loss offset | At most 25% of the other positive savings basket | 2026 | [LIRPF art. 49](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a49) |
| Eligible unused losses | Four following tax years, preserving origin/order | 2026 | [Art. 49](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a49) |
| First foreign-custody reporting threshold | Aggregate reportable 31 December balance **over** 50,000; then report all qualifying coins, not only the excess | 2026 | [RGAT art. 42 quater.5.d](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2007-15984) |
| Subsequent reporting | Aggregate increase **over** 20,000 against the balance determining the last declaration; separate cessation reporting rule | 2026 | [RGAT art. 42 quater.6](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2007-15984) |
| Ordinary annual reporting window | 1 January–31 March following the information year | 2026 balances, 2027 filing | [RGAT art. 42 quater.6](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2007-15984), [721 order art. 4](https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2023-17429) |

The general base has state **plus the taxpayer's actual community scale and minima**. Do not use a purported nationwide combined 19–47% table for rewards that fall in the general base. The [annual IRPF Guide](es-income-tax.md#rates-bands-and-thresholds) supplies all fifteen common-territory scales/minima. If a personal minimum remains after the general base, apply the statutory tax-on-minimum method to the savings halves; it is not automatically an extra subtraction from a single gain ([arts. 56/66/76](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a56)).

## The base

### 1. Reconcile the complete coin ledger

Obtain full acquisition/disposal records from every exchange and wallet, including opening lots, on-chain transfers, timestamps, euro prices, quantities and directly attributable fees. Match transfers between accounts owned by the same person so the same coins are not counted as both a sale and a fresh purchase. A transfer without a change of ownership does not itself create a disposal under [LIRPF art. 33.1](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a33); any separate fee paid in coins needs its own ledger entry and tax classification.

For **homogeneous coins**, use one FIFO sequence per type across all platforms, not a separate FIFO queue per exchange. Record fractional units and retain remaining lot cost after partial disposals. The DGT directly confirms cross-exchange FIFO and qualifying acquisition/disposal commissions in [V1604-18, 11 June 2018](https://petete.tributos.hacienda.gob.es/consultas/?num_consulta=V1604-18), read in the live official browser. Neither an exchange report nor a portfolio application's selected accounting method overrides that rule. Do not infer that different NFT rights are homogeneous merely because they share a collection name.

### 2. Compute sales and swaps separately

For a fiat sale, [LIRPF art. 35](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a35) gives:

- Acquisition value: actual euro price plus directly attributable costs/taxes paid by the acquirer, excluding financing interest.
- Transfer value: actual consideration, with the statutory market-value floor, less directly attributable disposal costs/taxes paid by the seller.
- Gain/loss: transfer value minus FIFO acquisition value. Translate each relevant foreign-currency amount to euros at its transaction date; do not use one year-end rate for all historic lots.

The gain is attributed when coins are delivered under the sale, subject to the applicable art. 14 timing provisions, rather than when the fiat balance is eventually withdrawn to a bank. Simply holding an unsold investment does not realise a disposal gain; rewards and wealth/reporting obligations remain separate.

A swap for a **different** coin is a taxable exchange even without euros. [Art. 37.1.h](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a37) uses the **greater of the market value of the property given and that received**, less the appropriate basis in computing the gain. Carry the properly determined transfer value into the received coin's acquisition record, with directly attributable costs allocated without double deduction. This is not always the received coin's quoted price. The [AEAT investor guidance](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ayuda/manuales-videos-folletos/manuales-practicos/irpf-2025/c11-ganancias-perdidas-patrimoniales/monedas-virtuales/compra-venta-monedas-virtuales-tributacion-inversor.html) confirms the valuation and subsequent-basis rule. Preserve evidence of both market values and the actual execution time. Purchasing an asset or service with investment crypto also requires the outgoing coin's disposal computation, alongside the acquired asset/service's own treatment.

**Owned units, incoming basis and fees:** keep a separate quantity-and-cost ledger for each homogeneous type across all owned accounts. A move between those accounts carries the original lot date and cost; it does not create a new zero-cost lot or restart FIFO. Record a genuine disposal, each received lot and any separately transferred fee units once. A quoted exchange balance is insufficient if it omits another owned wallet or the opening lots. This implements the ownership test in art.33.1 and the global identification method above; it does not equate two different legal rights because their ticker matches.

For an ordinary different-coin swap, write `M = max(market value given, market value received)` **before** the separately evidenced transaction expenses. Record qualifying expense attributable to the outgoing disposal as `Eout`, and qualifying expense attributable to acquisition of the incoming coins as `Ein`. Then `outgoing gain = M − Eout − outgoing FIFO acquisition value` and `incoming acquisition value = M + Ein`. The incoming date is the swap date. An outgoing expense is not also subtracted from the incoming basis: doing so would reverse its deduction on the later sale. The [AEAT swap explanation and LIRPF35/37](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ayuda/manuales-videos-folletos/manuales-practicos/irpf-2025/c11-ganancias-perdidas-patrimoniales/monedas-virtuales/compra-venta-monedas-virtuales-tributacion-inversor.html) distinguish the swap valuation carried to the received asset from the directly attributable costs in each acquisition/disposal value.

**One mixed fee, one supported allocation:** first establish that the taxpayer bore the charge and that its actual service is inherent in the acquisition/disposal. If an invoice or contractual pricing identifies EUR60 for the sale and EUR40 for the purchase, a single EUR100 payment is `Eout=60`, `Ein=40`. If only a combined amount is billed, document the actual services and a consistent evidenced allocation driver, such as the provider's separately quoted prices for those same services: with weights `wout` and `win`, `Eout = E × wout/(wout+win)` and `Ein = E − Eout`. This last allocation is a derived expense-allocation worksheet, not a statutory fixed percentage or an automatic50:50 election. A missing service/price breakdown is an evidence gap; the label “gas”, “funding”, “withdrawal” or “network fee” alone establishes neither the qualifying expense nor its allocation. Do not deduct a charge twice or assume every own-wallet transfer cost increases an investment basis. Authority: the direct-relationship/bearer test in V1604-18 and [LIRPF35.1(b)/35.2](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a35).

**Paying that fee in an owned investment coin:** if a separately identified provider receives fee tokens as consideration for the service, there is also a disposal of those tokens under33.1/34/35. Record their quantity, euro service consideration subject to the normal-market floor, and their own global FIFO acquisition value. Compute this disposal separately from the qualifying expense assigned to the main swap. The expenditure entry uses the euro value of the service actually paid, not the fee tokens' historic cost. This is an application of the general paid-service disposal and expense provisions, not a new crypto expense allowance. A protocol burn or a charge whose ownership/recipient and consideration are not established needs those facts before this paid-provider computation applies. If fee tokens and the main outgoing coins are the same type, consume the combined actual outgoing quantity only once from the same FIFO ledger and preserve the actual execution order; do not reuse a lot for both entries. An unresolved simultaneous ordering that changes the tax result is not resolved by choosing the cheapest lot.

**Worked ordinary fee ledger:** all acquisitions and disposals are in2026, no loss/reacquisition restriction applies, and all quoted market/consideration values are evidenced in euros. A swap has outgoing FIFO cost EUR1,000 and `M=5,000`. A separate ordinary fee token, costing EUR60 under its own FIFO, pays a EUR100 service invoice split EUR60 outgoing/EUR40 incoming. The main swap gain is `5,000−60−1,000 = 3,940`; the received lot opens at `5,000+40 = 5,040`; the fee-token gain is `100−60 = 40`. Selling the whole received lot later in2026 for EUR6,000 with no further costs gives `6,000−5,040 = 960`. Total disposal gain is **EUR4,940**, equal to final EUR6,000 proceeds less the original EUR1,000 investment and EUR60 historic fee-token cost. Using only the fee-token's EUR60 cost as the EUR100 service expense, omitting its EUR40 disposal gain, or subtracting the EUR60 outgoing expense from incoming basis fails that reconciliation. Apply annual baskets, minima, credits and loss-admissibility rules separately.

### 3. Classify rewards before choosing a base

| Actual facts | IRPF route | Official source |
|---|---|---|
| Investment staking with the minimal automatic validation resources and locked coins described in V1766-22, without an organised business | In-kind return on own capital made available to third parties, art. 25.2; market value in euros on receipt, savings basket | [DGT V1766-22, 26 July 2022](https://petete.tributos.hacienda.gob.es/consultas/?num_consulta=V1766-22), [LIRPF arts. 25.2/43/46](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a25) |
| Genuine remuneration for lending own capital | Test art. 25.2 and its contract: interest/in-kind capital return ordinarily enters savings, subject to statutory related-party rules | [Arts. 25.2 and 46.a](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a46) |
| Own-account organised mining/validation or other supply of services satisfying art. 27 | Economic activity; net activity computation with substantiated eligible costs, rather than a blanket “hobby” exemption | [Art. 27](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a27), [self-employment Guide](es-autonomous-worker.md) |
| Reward for actual employment or an independent service | Classify as employment/activity under the actual relationship; payment in tokens does not convert remuneration into a free gift | [Arts. 17/27/42–43](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a43) |
| Genuine non-transfer gain not classified as work, activity or capital income | General-base gain under arts. 33/45/48; an actual gratuitous gift can instead enter gift tax under art. 6.4 | [LIRPF arts. 6.4/33/45](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a6) |

For V1766-22's precise facts, the DGT rejects the art. 26.1.a securities-custody expense deduction because these coins are not negotiable securities. It permits the daily average euro exchange for coins received on one day. Rewards received directly from the protocol have no identified obliged withholding payer in that case. A platform/intermediary's separate obligation must be tested under [RIRPF arts. 75–76](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2007-6820#a76). Do not claim all staking is untaxed until sale, all platforms must withhold, or every DeFi yield falls under this one ruling.

Retain a reward's taxed acquisition value in the subsequent disposal ledger so the same historic receipt value is not taxed again as a zero-cost gain. Lending-pool receipts, wrapping, bridges, liquid-staking tokens, governance rewards, forks and NFTs require their actual rights/ownership analysis; no generic zero-basis or automatic-disposal conclusion is certified here.

**Mining VAT is a separate test.** [DGT V3625-16, 31 August 2016](https://petete.tributos.hacienda.gob.es/consultas/?num_consulta=V3625-16) finds the described protocol mining outside VAT because no effective customer/direct consideration relationship exists; its described Bitcoin sales are exempt and those operations do not generate input-VAT recovery. It provisionally classifies that mining activity under IAE 831.9. This ruling does not make every paid hosting, validation or pool service outside VAT; classify the actual contract. It also does not decide an individual's RETA status.

### 4. Net losses in the correct basket

Ordinary investor sales/swaps feed the **disposal-gain/loss** savings basket; art. 25.2 returns feed the **investment-income** savings basket. First net within each basket. A negative basket can offset at most **25%** of the other positive basket in the same year. Carry eligible remainder for **four following years**, making maximum permitted use and preserving source-year schedules ([art. 49](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a49)). A later disposal loss does not retrospectively cancel a prior general-base reward. Non-transfer general-base losses have their separate [art. 48](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a48) rules, not unlimited salary offset.

Test loss admissibility before netting. [Art. 33.5](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a33) excludes the listed unsupported/consumption/gift/gambling losses and supplies distinct reacquisition rules: **(e)** the transferred asset reacquired within the following year; **(f)** qualifying listed securities/participations with homogeneous acquisitions in the two months before/after; **(g)** non-listed securities/participations with the year-before/after period. The old blanket claim that ordinary crypto always takes a two-month rule is not supported by those words. Determine the asset/right and whether the statutory reacquisition condition is actually met; the specific application of (e) to reacquiring fungible coin units remains unconfirmed here. Keep potentially affected losses separately unresolved rather than silently accepting or adding them to new-lot cost under an invented rule. The examples below assume no reacquisition/other denial issue.

**Conditional same-asset loss worksheet:** once the facts and legal character establish that the very asset sold is reacquired within the following year for33.5(e), retain the original measured loss separately; do not deduct it in the first sale year or add it to the new lot's purchase cost. On that asset's subsequent sale, compute the new gain/loss from the actual new purchase value and separately integrate the blocked old loss. For example, a proven same-asset sale on1July2026 for EUR6,000 from EUR10,000 cost measures a EUR4,000 loss. A reacquisition on1November2026 for EUR6,500 blocks that loss; a subsequent sale on1February2027 for EUR7,000 gives EUR500 new gain and EUR4,000 released old loss, net **EUR3,500 loss** before annual netting/other restrictions. This worksheet is conditional on33.5(e)'s identity gate. FIFO identifies acquisition cost; V1604-18 and the AEAT investor page do not expressly determine whether an ordinary purchase of interchangeable units of the same protocol satisfies that separate gate. A same ticker, replacement holding or exchange-selected lot is not proof of the answer. That fungible-identity interpretation remains an ordinary legal question even with complete transaction records; the worksheet does not silently apply the securities two-month rule. [LIRPF33.5(e)](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a33).

**Platform failure.** An overdue withdrawal or bankruptcy announcement does not automatically extinguish the creditor's asset. [LIRPF art. 14.2.k](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a14) recognises qualifying unpaid-credit losses only on its specified effective haircut, insolvency conclusion or one-year judicial-enforcement trigger. Subsequent recovery creates a gain then. An eligible **non-transfer credit loss enters the general base**, not automatically the original coin-disposal savings basket ([arts. 45/48](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a48)). Preserve court/claim documents and distinguish a sold claim from a still-owned unrecovered claim.

## Deadlines and filing

### Annual income-tax return

Use Modelo 100's prescribed **2026-income return filed in 2027**. The future campaign dates and box numbers are not assumed from the 2025 return. Apply [LIRPF art. 96](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a96) to all income and status; there is no universal “crypto below 1,000 never files” rule. Retain transaction gains, reward classifications, all other income, withholding and carry-forward losses so the annual return can be reconciled. Cryptocurrency sale proceeds are not an annual net gain, and Modelo 721 does not pay IRPF.

### Modelo 721: foreign third-party custody

Apply [RGAT art. 42 quater](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2007-15984) and [Orden HFP/886/2023](https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2023-17429):

1. Establish that a third-party custodian safeguards keys on behalf of the taxpayer and is outside the Spanish reporting-obliged resident/Spanish-PE category. A platform's commercial name or web domain does not establish the contracting custodian's residence.
2. Determine ownership, beneficiary, authorisation, disposal powers and beneficial ownership, including cessation during the year. Test the article's entity and fully identified mercantile-account exemptions; an ordinary spreadsheet is not the statutory commercial-books exemption.
3. Aggregate qualifying **31 December** balances at evidenced euro market quotations or a justified market estimate. Exactly 50,000 does not exceed the initial threshold. Above it, report all qualifying holdings. Self-custody, whether hot or cold, is outside this third-party-custody computation; fiat balances are not coins for 721, though a separate foreign-account 720 analysis can apply. See the [AEAT custody FAQ](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/todas-gestiones/impuestos-tasas/declaraciones-informativas/modelo-721-decla-sobre-monedas-extranjero/preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-modelo-721.html).
4. In later years, test an increase of more than 20,000 against the balance that determined the last declaration; separately apply art. 42 quater.6's obligatory cessation reporting. “No increase, never file” is incorrect.
5. File electronically in **1 January–31 March following the information year**, preserving the custodian identity, coin types, quantities, values/quotes, dates/ownership condition and filing receipt. Tax year 2026 holdings therefore have the ordinary 2027 window, subject to the applicable non-working-day rule.

Example of the threshold alone: 50,001 in qualifying foreign third-party custody and 100,000 in genuine self-custody triggers reporting of the qualifying 50,001, not 150,001 and not only the one-euro excess. This does not exempt either set's taxable income or wealth.

**Provider reports.** [RGAT arts. 39 bis/ter](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2007-15984) impose separate balance/transaction reporting on defined resident/Spanish-PE service providers. These are provider obligations, not forms every individual investor files. Do not state a new Spanish DAC8 reporting form/deadline from an EU start date without the actual implementing rule; that implementation/procedure is not reconciled in this Guide.

**Records.** Keep proof while it remains relevant to a return or remaining acquisition basis/loss carry-forward. [LGT arts. 66/66 bis/70](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186#a70) mean “delete everything four years after acquisition” is wrong: a later sale, carried loss and interruption can extend evidential relevance. Preserve original exports and a reproducible ledger, not only a calculated total.

## Penalties and interest

| Event | Rule | Tax year | Official source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Voluntary late payable tax return without prior request, within twelve months | 1% plus 1% for every complete month late | 2026 | [LGT art. 27.2](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186#a27) |
| Same return after twelve months | 15% plus interest after those twelve months; conditional 25% surcharge reduction | 2026 | [Art. 27.2/5](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186#a27) |
| Executive collection | 5%/10%/20% by payment/enforcement stage | 2026 | [Art. 28](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186#a28) |
| Classified underpayment offence | Minor 50%, serious 50–100%, very serious 100–150%, with actual conditions/reductions | 2026 | [Arts. 188/191](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186#a191) |
| Late general information declaration under arts. 93/94 | 20 per datum/set relating to one person/entity, min 300/max 20,000; half of sanction and limits when filed late without prior request | 2026 | [Art. 198.1–2](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186#a198) |
| Incorrect/incomplete information declaration | Art. 199 distinguishes non-monetary data, monetary magnitude and method; determine its applicable paragraph before quantifying | 2026 | [Art. 199](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186#a199) |
| Tax default interest | Applicable period rate; AEAT records 4.0625% under continued 2026 budget until replacement | 2026 | [Art. 26](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186#a26), [AEAT interest rule](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ayuda/manuales-videos-folletos/manuales-practicos/irpf-2025/c18-cuota-liquida-resultante-autoliquidacion/incremento-cuotas-liquidas-estatal-autonomica/calculo-intereses-demora/reglas-calculo.html) |

Current [LGT DA 18](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186#dadecimoctava) contains the foreign-asset information obligation; it does **not** retain the old 5,000-per-datum/minimum-10,000 special penalty asserted in this Guide's earlier revision. Use the current general provisions and the actual 721 failure. Do not treat an information-return penalty as a percentage of a gain, or automatically stack incompatible penalties on the same conduct.

## Cross-border points

Spanish residence ordinarily taxes worldwide gains/rewards regardless of platform location. Determine any foreign tax and actual treaty character before a [LIRPF art. 80](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a80) credit; foreign platform registration alone proves neither source nor a creditable tax. Non-resident sourcing and an impatriate election require their separate legal analysis.

[LIRPF art. 95 bis](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764#a95bis) addresses qualifying **shares/participations**, not a blanket mark-to-market exit tax on any cryptocurrency portfolio over four million. A token representing actual participation rights needs classification; ordinary coins are not brought into that rule merely by value.

Crypto wealth can be reportable even without an income-tax sale. [Wealth Tax Act art. 24](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1991-14392) values other economic assets at market value at accrual. Identify actual territory, worldwide/local scope, debts, exemptions, regional relief and solidarity-tax interaction before a wealth-tax conclusion. No blanket Madrid/Andalucía exemption or claim that the solidarity tax expired in 2024 is supplied here. Complete 2026 wealth/solidarity computations, gift tax, contract-specific VAT treatment beyond the cited mining ruling and NFT supplies and regulatory registration remain separate specialist work.

## Two worked examples that recompute

### 1. Ordinary Bitcoin sale with fees

Assume a common-territory resident investor, personal minima fully absorbed by other general income, no other savings income, losses, credits or denial rules. One Bitcoin acquired for 25,000 with a 150 acquisition fee is sold in 2026 for 55,000 with a 200 sale fee. No market-value adjustment. Basis is 25,150; net proceeds 54,800; savings gain **29,650**. Annual savings tax is **6,106.50**. This is the tax attributable to the stated savings base, not a purported complete return including the other general income.

```oa-check
name: Investor Bitcoin sale with acquisition and disposal fees
inputs:
  acquisition_price: 25000
  acquisition_fee: 150
  proceeds: 55000
  disposal_fee: 200
steps:
  basis: acquisition_price + acquisition_fee
  net_proceeds: proceeds - disposal_fee
  gain: net_proceeds - basis
  savings_tax: round(min(gain, 6000) * 0.19 + max(0, gain - 6000) * 0.21, 2)
expected:
  basis: 25150
  net_proceeds: 54800
  gain: 29650
  savings_tax: 6106.50
```

### 2. Cross-exchange FIFO, unequal swap values and limited loss offset

Assume the same minimum/no-credit conditions. The investor bought 10 ETH for total 12,000 at exchange A, then 5 ETH for 10,000 at exchange B. In 2026 they swap **12 ETH**, worth 45,600, for BTC worth 44,000; no fees. Global FIFO uses the first 10 ETH plus two from the second lot: cost **16,000**. The greater-market-value rule makes transfer value **45,600**, giving gain **29,600** and received-BTC basis **45,600**; remaining three ETH retain cost **6,000**. Separately evidenced admissible disposal losses of 33,000 make the disposal basket **−3,400**. Qualifying V1766-22 staking income of 10,000 is in the investment-income basket. Only 2,500 of loss crosses to that basket, leaving taxable savings **7,500**, tax **1,455**, and **900** eligible loss carried forward. No reacquisition issue or other loss restriction is assumed.

```oa-check
name: Global FIFO swap valuation and savings basket loss limit
inputs:
  first_units: 10
  first_cost: 12000
  second_units: 5
  second_cost: 10000
  swapped_units: 12
  outgoing_market: 45600
  incoming_market: 44000
  other_disposal_losses: 33000
  staking_income: 10000
steps:
  second_units_used: swapped_units - first_units
  fifo_cost: first_cost + second_units_used * second_cost / second_units
  swap_value: max(outgoing_market, incoming_market)
  swap_gain: swap_value - fifo_cost
  remaining_eth_cost: second_cost - second_units_used * second_cost / second_units
  disposal_basket: swap_gain - other_disposal_losses
  admitted_offset: min(abs(disposal_basket), staking_income * 0.25)
  savings_base: staking_income - admitted_offset
  loss_carried: abs(disposal_basket) - admitted_offset
  savings_tax: min(savings_base, 6000) * 0.19 + max(0, savings_base - 6000) * 0.21
expected:
  fifo_cost: 16000
  swap_value: 45600
  swap_gain: 29600
  remaining_eth_cost: 6000
  disposal_basket: -3400
  admitted_offset: 2500
  savings_base: 7500
  loss_carried: 900
  savings_tax: 1455
```

## Ask the client first

- What are your tax residence/community, any impatriate election and actual business or employment relationships?
- Can all exchange/wallet opening lots, acquisitions, transfers, disposals, fees and euro valuations be reconciled into one FIFO ledger per coin?
- What rights and services underlie every staking, lending, airdrop, mining, wrapped-token or NFT receipt, and when was each received/claimable?
- What other income, minima, current/prior losses, foreign tax, credits and reacquisitions affect the annual computation?
- Who legally holds the keys, where is that custodian tax resident, what were year-end balances/cessations and the last 721-declared balance?
- What insolvency/claim evidence and total wealth/territorial facts require a separate credit-loss or wealth-tax calculation?

## Sources

| Official source | Scope read | Read on |
|---|---|---|
| [Ley 35/2006](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2006-20764), arts. 2/6/9/14/17/25–27/33–37/43/45–49/56/66/76/80/95 bis/96 | Classification, basis, swap values, timing, rates, loss limits and scope | 2026-10-26 |
| [DGT V1604-18](https://petete.tributos.hacienda.gob.es/consultas/?num_consulta=V1604-18), 11 June 2018 | Full ruling read through official interactive browser: fees and cross-exchange FIFO | 2026-10-26 |
| [DGT V1766-22](https://petete.tributos.hacienda.gob.es/consultas/?num_consulta=V1766-22), 26 July 2022 | Full ruling read through official interactive browser: precise staking facts, in-kind value, expenses and payer | 2026-10-26 |
| [AEAT investor crypto guidance](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ayuda/manuales-videos-folletos/manuales-practicos/irpf-2025/c11-ganancias-perdidas-patrimoniales/monedas-virtuales/compra-venta-monedas-virtuales-tributacion-inversor.html) | FIFO, fiat/swap basis and unpaid-credit distinction; checked against current law | 2026-10-26 |
| [DGT V3625-16](https://petete.tributos.hacienda.gob.es/consultas/?num_consulta=V3625-16), 31 August 2016 | Full ruling read through official browser: described mining VAT, input recovery and provisional IAE classification | 2026-10-26 |
| [RGAT RD 1065/2007](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2007-15984), arts. 39 bis/ter and 42 quater | Provider reports, foreign custody, threshold, exclusions, cessation and window | 2026-10-26 |
| [Orden HFP/886/2023](https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-2023-17429) | Modelo 721 and electronic filing | 2026-10-26 |
| [AEAT 721 FAQ](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/todas-gestiones/impuestos-tasas/declaraciones-informativas/modelo-721-decla-sobre-monedas-extranjero/preguntas-frecuentes-sobre-modelo-721.html) | Actual key custody, hot/cold distinction and taxpayer scope | 2026-10-26 |
| [RIRPF](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2007-6820), arts. 75–76 | Obliged withholding payer | 2026-10-26 |
| [LGT](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-2003-23186), arts. 26–28/66/66 bis/70/188/191/198–199 and DA 18; [AEAT interest](https://sede.agenciatributaria.gob.es/Sede/ayuda/manuales-videos-folletos/manuales-practicos/irpf-2025/c18-cuota-liquida-resultante-autoliquidacion/incremento-cuotas-liquidas-estatal-autonomica/calculo-intereses-demora/reglas-calculo.html) | Current records, collection and sanctions, without retired special foreign-asset fine | 2026-10-26 |
| [Ley 19/1991 art. 24](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1991-14392) | Market-value wealth-tax classification gateway only | 2026-10-26 |

| Foral routing source | Scope read | Read on |
|---|---|---|
| [B current NF13/2013 arts.43–47/63/66/76](https://www.bizkaia.eus/documents/880307/15187815/ca_13_2013.pdf/ce52e403-4fca-9ef7-bf85-2505ba29f921?t=1784098584068), [A current NF33/2013 same articles](https://web.araba.eus/documents/d/araba/indice_norma-foral_irpf_cas-4-pdf), [G current NF3/2014 same articles](https://www.gipuzkoa.eus/documents/2456431/8.0759126E7/NF%203-2014%20(2026-0).pdf/8ab5c95c-3f89-8fdf-5cb8-01950e3983cc), [N current DFL4/2008 arts.39–43/54/60](https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BON-n-2008-90013&p=20260420&tn=1) | Selected ordinary local crypto/gain/loss/savings provisions; actual amendments, administrative bridges and local reporting source scopes are recorded in the linked foral method. This row supports routing, not application of common DGT rulings to a foral taxpayer. | 2026-10-28 |

**Not yet confirmed:** specific common-territory art. 33.5.e reacquisition application to fungible coin units; the foral Guide supplies ordinary sale/swap/savings methods and dated local reporting gates, with labelled own-law B/G/Navarra received-basis derivations and evidenced mixed-fee/fee-token calculations now supplied; Álava's43(i) release conflict, Navarra indistinguishable-unit identification and fungible reacquisition, unsupported fee allocation or simultaneous ordering, and applicable2027 reporting-procedure limits remain unconfirmed; complete wealth/solidarity calculations; fork/bridge/wrapping/liquid-staking/LP-token/NFT and individual insolvency-case outcomes; Spanish DAC8 implementation/procedures and final 2026-income Modelo 100 schema/campaign dates. No blanket conclusion on these points is certified. Independent whole-pack review remains pending.

## Today's figures and who stands behind this skill

This file is an AI skill (tax rules your AI follows) from OpenAccountants, copied on 2026-11-06. Rates, thresholds and deadlines change. For the current version of this skill, its official sources and the named accountant (if any) who stands behind it, call `get_skill` with slug `spain-crypto-tax` on the OpenAccountants connector (https://www.openaccountants.com/connect), or read https://www.openaccountants.com/skills/spain-crypto-tax. If neither is available, confirm every figure against the official source pages cited above before relying on it.