Principal-level portfolio construction — Markowitz mean-variance optimisation, CAPM, factor models, risk budgeting, rebalancing discipline, drawdown and tail-risk management. Diversification is the only free lunch; respect transaction costs and behavioural traps.
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---
name: portfolio-theory
description: Principal-level portfolio construction — Markowitz mean-variance optimisation, CAPM, factor models, risk budgeting, rebalancing discipline, drawdown and tail-risk management. Diversification is the only free lunch; respect transaction costs and behavioural traps.
disable-model-invocation: true
---
# Portfolio Theory
> **Size budget: 8 KB** — `token-budget.mjs --check`.
Principal-level portfolio construction — Markowitz mean-variance optimisation, CAPM, factor models, risk budgeting, rebalancing discipline, drawdown and tail-risk management. Diversification is the only free lunch; respect transaction costs and behavioural traps.
## Working procedure
1. Establish the relevant mode and existing evidence; do not repeat completed intake.
2. Define the requested scope, baseline, success criteria and evidence before choosing a procedure. Verify current external requirements from primary sources. Distinguish observed facts from hypotheses and implemented controls from tested outcomes. Preserve user authorization, sensitive data, rollback options and the existing plan.
3. Read only the corresponding sections below before applying their examples.
4. Verify the result with meaningful positive, negative and failure controls. Record actual outcomes, limitations and next action.
## Selected references
- [Purpose](references/procedure.md#purpose) — read when this part of the task applies.
- [Standards Cited](references/procedure.md#standards-cited) — read when this part of the task applies.
- [When to Fire](references/procedure.md#when-to-fire) — read when this part of the task applies.
- [Core Patterns](references/procedure.md#core-patterns) — read when this part of the task applies.
- [Anti-Patterns](references/procedure.md#anti-patterns) — read when this part of the task applies.
- [Verification Checklist](references/procedure.md#verification-checklist) — read when this part of the task applies.
- [Cross-References](references/procedure.md#cross-references) — read when this part of the task applies.
- [Why This Skill Exists](references/procedure.md#why-this-skill-exists) — read when this part of the task applies.
- [Compliance & Standards Mapping](references/procedure.md#compliance--standards-mapping) — read when this part of the task applies.
- [Learning hooks](references/procedure.md#learning-hooks) — read when this part of the task applies.
The [full procedure](references/procedure.md) preserves detailed examples and standards.
Load relevant excerpts rather than the entire reference. Runtime capabilities and higher-priority instructions govern imported templates.