Loki Config Generator

---
name: loki-config-generator
description: Generate/create Loki configs — ingester, querier, compactor, ruler, S3/GCS/Azure backends.
---

# Loki Configuration Generator

## Overview

Generate production-ready Grafana Loki server configurations with best practices. Supports monolithic, simple scalable, and microservices deployment modes with S3, GCS, Azure, or filesystem storage.

> **Current Stable:** Loki 3.6.2 (November 2025)
> **Important:** Promtail deprecated in 3.4 - use [Grafana Alloy](https://grafana.com/docs/alloy/latest/) instead. See `examples/grafana-alloy.alloy` for the Alloy pipeline and `examples/grafana-alloy-daemonset.yaml` for the Kubernetes deployment.

## When to Use

Invoke when: deploying Loki, creating configs from scratch, migrating to Loki, implementing multi-tenant logging, configuring storage backends, or optimizing existing deployments.

---

## Generation Methods

### Method 1: Script Generation (Recommended)

**Use `scripts/generate_config.py` for consistent, validated configurations:**

```bash
# Simple Scalable with S3 (production)
python3 scripts/generate_config.py \
  --mode simple-scalable \
  --storage s3 \
  --bucket my-loki-bucket \
  --region us-east-1 \
  --retention-days 30 \
  --otlp-enabled \
  --output loki-config.yaml

# Monolithic with filesystem (development)
python3 scripts/generate_config.py \
  --mode monolithic \
  --storage filesystem \
  --no-auth-enabled \
  --output loki-dev.yaml

# Production with Thanos storage (Loki 3.4+)
python3 scripts/generate_config.py \
  --mode simple-scalable \
  --storage s3 \
  --thanos-storage \
  --otlp-enabled \
  --time-sharding \
  --output loki-thanos.yaml
```

**Script Options:**
| Option | Description |
|--------|-------------|
| `--mode` | monolithic, simple-scalable, microservices |
| `--storage` | filesystem, s3, gcs, azure |
| `--auth-enabled` / `--no-auth-enabled` | Explicitly enable/disable auth |
| `--otlp-enabled` | Enable OTLP ingestion configuration |
| `--thanos-storage` | Use Thanos object storage client (3.4+, cloud backends) |
| `--time-sharding` | Enable out-of-order ingestion (simple-scalable) |
| `--ruler` | Enable alerting/recording rules (not monolithic) |
| `--horizontal-compactor` | main/worker mode (simple-scalable, 3.6+) |
| `--zone-awareness` | Enable multi-AZ placement safeguards |
| `--limits-dry-run` | Log limit rejections without enforcing |

### Method 2: Manual Configuration

Follow the staged workflow below when script generation doesn't meet specific requirements or when learning the configuration structure.

### Output Formats

For Kubernetes deployments, generate BOTH formats:
1. **Native Loki config** (`loki-config.yaml`) - For ConfigMap or direct use
2. **Helm values** (`values.yaml`) - For Helm chart deployments

See `examples/kubernetes-helm-values.yaml` for Helm format.

---

## Documentation Lookup

### When to Use Context7/Web Search

**REQUIRED - Use Context7 MCP for:**
- Configuring features from Loki 3.4+ (Thanos storage, time sharding)
- Configuring features from Loki 3.6+ (horizontal compactor, enforced labels)
- Bloom filter configuration (complex, experimental)
- Custom OTLP attribute mappings beyond standard patterns
- Troubleshooting configuration errors

**OPTIONAL - Skip documentation lookup for:**
- Standard deployment modes (monolithic, simple-scalable)
- Basic storage configuration (S3, GCS, Azure, filesystem)
- Default limits and component settings
- Configurations covered in `references/` directory

### Context7 MCP (preferred)

```
resolve-library-id: "grafana loki"
get-library-docs: /websites/grafana_loki, topic: [component]
```

**Example topics:** `storage_config`, `limits_config`, `otlp`, `compactor`, `ruler`, `bloom`

### Web Search Fallback

Use when Context7 unavailable: `"Grafana Loki 3.6 [component] configuration documentation site:grafana.com"`

---

## Configuration Workflow

### Stage 1: Gather Requirements

**Deployment Mode:**
| Mode | Scale | Use Case |
|------|-------|----------|
| Monolithic | <100GB/day | Testing, development |
| Simple Scalable | 100GB-1TB/day | Production |
| Microservices | >1TB/day | Large-scale, multi-tenant |

**Storage Backend:** S3, GCS, Azure Blob, Filesystem, MinIO

**Key Questions:** Expected log volume? Retention period? Multi-tenancy needed? High availability requirements? Kubernetes deployment?

Ask the user directly if required information is missing.

### Stage 2: Schema Configuration (CRITICAL)

For all new deployments (Loki 2.9+), use TSDB with v13 schema:

```yaml
schema_config:
  configs:
    - from: "2025-01-01"  # Use deployment date
      store: tsdb
      object_store: s3     # s3, gcs, azure, filesystem
      schema: v13
      index:
        prefix: loki_index_
        period: 24h
```

**Key:** Schema cannot change after deployment without migration.

### Stage 3: Storage Configuration

**S3:**
```yaml
common:
  storage:
    s3:
      s3: s3://us-east-1/loki-bucket
      s3forcepathstyle: false
```

**GCS:** `gcs: { bucket_name: loki-bucket }`
**Azure:** `azure: { container_name: loki-container, account_name: ${AZURE_ACCOUNT_NAME} }`
**Filesystem:** `filesystem: { chunks_directory: /loki/chunks, rules_directory: /loki/rules }`

### Stage 4: Component Configuration

**Ingester:**
```yaml
ingester:
  chunk_encoding: snappy
  chunk_idle_period: 30m
  max_chunk_age: 2h
  chunk_target_size: 1572864  # 1.5MB
  lifecycler:
    ring:
      replication_factor: 3  # 3 for production
```

**Querier:**
```yaml
querier:
  max_concurrent: 4
  query_timeout: 1m
```

**Compactor:**
```yaml
compactor:
  working_directory: /loki/compactor
  compaction_interval: 10m
  retention_enabled: true
  retention_delete_delay: 2h
```

### Stage 5: Limits Configuration

```yaml
limits_config:
  ingestion_rate_mb: 10
  ingestion_burst_size_mb: 20
  max_streams_per_user: 10000
  max_entries_limit_per_query: 5000
  max_query_length: 721h
  retention_period: 30d
  allow_structured_metadata: true
  volume_enabled: true
```

### Stage 6: Server & Auth

```yaml
server:
  http_listen_port: 3100
  grpc_listen_port: 9096
  log_level: info

auth_enabled: true  # false for single-tenant
```

### Stage 7: OTLP Ingestion (Loki 3.0+)

Native OpenTelemetry ingestion - use `otlphttp` exporter (NOT deprecated `lokiexporter`):

```yaml
limits_config:
  allow_structured_metadata: true
  otlp_config:
    resource_attributes:
      attributes_config:
        - action: index_label  # Low-cardinality only!
          attributes: [service.name, service.namespace, deployment.environment]
        - action: structured_metadata  # High-cardinality
          attributes: [k8s.pod.name, service.instance.id]
```

**Actions:** `index_label` (searchable, low-cardinality), `structured_metadata` (queryable), `drop`

> **⚠️ NEVER use `k8s.pod.name` as index_label** - use structured_metadata instead.

**OTel Collector:**
```yaml
exporters:
  otlphttp:
    endpoint: http://loki:3100/otlp
```

### Stage 8: Caching

```yaml
chunk_store_config:
  chunk_cache_config:
    memcached_client:
      host: memcached-chunks
      timeout: 500ms

query_range:
  cache_results: true
  results_cache:
    cache:
      memcached_client:
        host: memcached-results
```

### Stage 9: Advanced Features

**Pattern Ingester (3.0+):**
```yaml
pattern_ingester:
  enabled: true
```

**Bloom Filters (Experimental, 3.3+):** Only for >75TB/month deployments. Works on structured metadata only. See examples/ for config.

**Time Sharding (3.4+):** For out-of-order ingestion:
```yaml
limits_config:
  shard_streams:
    time_sharding_enabled: true
```

**Thanos Storage (3.4+):** New storage client, opt-in now, default later:
```yaml
storage_config:
  use_thanos_objstore: true
  object_store:
    s3:
      bucket_name: my-bucket
      endpoint: s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com
```

### Stage 10: Ruler (Alerting)

```yaml
ruler:
  storage:
    type: s3
    s3: { bucket_name: loki-ruler }
  alertmanager_url: http://alertmanager:9093
  enable_api: true
  enable_sharding: true
```

### Stage 11: Loki 3.6 Features

- **Horizontally Scalable Compactor:** `horizontal_scaling_mode: main|worker`
- **Policy-Based Enforced Labels:** `enforced_labels: [service.name]`
- **FluentBit v4:** `structured_metadata` parameter support

### Stage 12: Validate Configuration (REQUIRED)

**Always validate before deployment:**

```bash
# Syntax and parameter validation
loki -config.file=loki-config.yaml -verify-config

# Print resolved configuration (shows defaults)
loki -config.file=loki-config.yaml -print-config-stderr 2>&1 | head -100

# Dry-run with Docker (if Loki not installed locally)
docker run --rm -v $(pwd)/loki-config.yaml:/etc/loki/config.yaml \
  grafana/loki:3.6.2 -config.file=/etc/loki/config.yaml -verify-config
```

**Validation Checklist:**
- [ ] No syntax errors from `-verify-config`
- [ ] Schema uses `tsdb` and `v13`
- [ ] `replication_factor: 3` for production
- [ ] `auth_enabled: true` if multi-tenant
- [ ] Storage credentials/IAM configured
- [ ] Retention period matches requirements

---

## Production Checklist

### High Availability Requirements

**Zone-Aware Replication (CRITICAL for production multi-AZ deployments):**

When using `replication_factor: 3`, ALWAYS enable zone-awareness for multi-AZ deployments:

```yaml
ingester:
  lifecycler:
    ring:
      replication_factor: 3
      zone_awareness_enabled: true  # CRITICAL for multi-AZ

# Set zone via environment variable or config
# Each pod should set its zone based on node topology
common:
  instance_availability_zone: ${AVAILABILITY_ZONE}
```

**Why:** Without zone-awareness, all 3 replicas may land in the same AZ. If that AZ fails, you lose data.

**Kubernetes Implementation:**
```yaml
# In Helm values or pod spec
env:
  - name: AVAILABILITY_ZONE
    valueFrom:
      fieldRef:
        fieldPath: metadata.labels['topology.kubernetes.io/zone']
```

### TLS Configuration (Production Required)

Enable TLS for all inter-component and client communication:

```yaml
server:
  http_tls_config:
    cert_file: /etc/loki/tls/tls.crt
    key_file: /etc/loki/tls/tls.key
    client_ca_file: /etc/loki/tls/ca.crt  # For mTLS
  grpc_tls_config:
    cert_file: /etc/loki/tls/tls.crt
    key_file: /etc/loki/tls/tls.key
    client_ca_file: /etc/loki/tls/ca.crt
```

See `examples/production-tls.yaml` for complete TLS configuration.

### Production Checklist Summary

| Requirement | Setting | Required For |
|-------------|---------|--------------|
| `replication_factor: 3` | common block | All production |
| `zone_awareness_enabled: true` | ingester.lifecycler.ring | Multi-AZ |
| `auth_enabled: true` | root level | Multi-tenant |
| TLS enabled | server block | All production |
| IAM roles (not keys) | storage config | Cloud storage |
| Caching enabled | chunk_store_config, query_range | Performance |
| Pattern ingester | pattern_ingester.enabled | Observability |
| Retention configured | compactor + limits_config | Cost control |

---

## Monitoring Recommendations

### Key Metrics to Monitor

Configure Prometheus to scrape Loki metrics and alert on these critical indicators:

```yaml
# Prometheus scrape config
- job_name: 'loki'
  static_configs:
    - targets: ['loki:3100']
```

### Critical Alerts

```yaml
groups:
  - name: loki-critical
    rules:
      # Ingestion failures
      - alert: LokiIngestionFailures
        expr: sum(rate(loki_distributor_ingester_append_failures_total[5m])) > 0
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "Loki ingestion failures detected"

      # High stream cardinality (performance killer)
      - alert: LokiHighStreamCardinality
        expr: loki_ingester_memory_streams > 100000
        for: 10m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "High stream cardinality - review labels"

      # Compaction not running (retention broken)
      - alert: LokiCompactionStalled
        expr: time() - loki_compactor_last_successful_run_timestamp_seconds > 7200
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "Loki compaction stalled - retention not enforced"

      # Query latency
      - alert: LokiSlowQueries
        expr: histogram_quantile(0.99, sum(rate(loki_request_duration_seconds_bucket{route=~"loki_api_v1_query.*"}[5m])) by (le)) > 30
        for: 10m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Loki query P99 latency > 30s"

      # Ingester memory pressure
      - alert: LokiIngesterMemoryHigh
        expr: container_memory_usage_bytes{container="ingester"} / container_spec_memory_limit_bytes{container="ingester"} > 0.8
        for: 10m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "Loki ingester memory usage > 80%"
```

### Key Metrics Reference

| Metric | Description | Action Threshold |
|--------|-------------|------------------|
| `loki_ingester_memory_streams` | Active streams in memory | >100k: review cardinality |
| `loki_distributor_ingester_append_failures_total` | Ingestion failures | >0: investigate immediately |
| `loki_request_duration_seconds` | Query latency | P99 >30s: add caching/queriers |
| `loki_ingester_chunks_flushed_total` | Chunk flush rate | Low rate: check ingester health |
| `loki_compactor_last_successful_run_timestamp_seconds` | Last compaction | >2h ago: compaction broken |

### Grafana Dashboard

Import official Loki dashboards:
- Dashboard ID: `13407` - Loki Logs
- Dashboard ID: `14055` - Loki Operational

---

## Log Collection with Grafana Alloy

> **Promtail is deprecated** (support ends Feb 2026). Use Grafana Alloy for new deployments.

### Basic Alloy Configuration

See `examples/grafana-alloy.alloy` for the Alloy pipeline and `examples/grafana-alloy-daemonset.yaml` for the Kubernetes deployment.

```alloy
// Kubernetes log discovery
discovery.kubernetes "pods" {
  role = "pod"
}

// Relabeling for Kubernetes metadata
discovery.relabel "pods" {
  targets = discovery.kubernetes.pods.targets

  rule {
    source_labels = ["__meta_kubernetes_namespace"]
    target_label  = "namespace"
  }
  rule {
    source_labels = ["__meta_kubernetes_pod_name"]
    target_label  = "pod"
  }
  rule {
    source_labels = ["__meta_kubernetes_pod_container_name"]
    target_label  = "container"
  }
}

// Log collection
loki.source.kubernetes "pods" {
  targets    = discovery.relabel.pods.output
  forward_to = [loki.write.default.receiver]
}

// Send to Loki
loki.write "default" {
  endpoint {
    url = "http://loki-gateway.loki.svc.cluster.local/loki/api/v1/push"

    // For multi-tenant
    tenant_id = "default"
  }
}
```

### Migration from Promtail

```bash
# Convert Promtail config to Alloy
alloy convert --source-format=promtail --output=alloy-config.alloy promtail.yaml
```

---

## Complete Examples

See `examples/` directory for full configurations:
- `monolithic-filesystem.yaml` - Development/testing
- `simple-scalable-s3.yaml` - Production with S3
- `microservices-s3.yaml` - Large-scale distributed
- `multi-tenant.yaml` - Multi-tenant with per-tenant limits
- `production-tls.yaml` - TLS-enabled production config
- `grafana-alloy.alloy` - Log collection pipeline with Alloy
- `grafana-alloy-daemonset.yaml` - Kubernetes DaemonSet for Alloy
- `kubernetes-helm-values.yaml` - Helm chart values

**Minimal Monolithic:**
```yaml
auth_enabled: false
server:
  http_listen_port: 3100

common:
  path_prefix: /loki
  storage:
    filesystem:
      chunks_directory: /loki/chunks
      rules_directory: /loki/rules
  replication_factor: 1
  ring:
    kvstore:
      store: inmemory

schema_config:
  configs:
    - from: 2025-01-01
      store: tsdb
      object_store: filesystem
      schema: v13
      index:
        prefix: loki_index_
        period: 24h

limits_config:
  retention_period: 30d
  allow_structured_metadata: true

compactor:
  working_directory: /loki/compactor
  retention_enabled: true
```

---

## Helm Deployment

```bash
helm repo add grafana https://grafana.github.io/helm-charts
helm install loki grafana/loki -f values.yaml
```

**Generate both native config and Helm values for Kubernetes deployments.**

```yaml
# values.yaml
deploymentMode: SimpleScalable

loki:
  schemaConfig:
    configs:
      - from: "2025-01-01"
        store: tsdb
        object_store: s3
        schema: v13
        index:
          prefix: loki_index_
          period: 24h
  limits_config:
    retention_period: 30d
    allow_structured_metadata: true
  # Zone awareness for HA
  ingester:
    lifecycler:
      ring:
        zone_awareness_enabled: true

backend:
  replicas: 3
  # Spread across zones
  topologySpreadConstraints:
    - maxSkew: 1
      topologyKey: topology.kubernetes.io/zone
      whenUnsatisfiable: DoNotSchedule
read:
  replicas: 3
write:
  replicas: 3
```

---

## Best Practices

**Performance:**
- `chunk_encoding: snappy`, `chunk_target_size: 1572864`
- Enable caching (chunks, results)
- `parallelise_shardable_queries: true`

**Security:**
- `auth_enabled: true` with reverse proxy auth
- IAM roles for cloud storage (never hardcode keys)
- TLS for all communications (see Production Checklist)

**Reliability:**
- `replication_factor: 3` for production
- `zone_awareness_enabled: true` for multi-AZ (see Production Checklist)
- Persistent volumes for ingesters
- Monitor ingestion rate and query latency (see Monitoring section)

**Limits:** Set `ingestion_rate_mb`, `max_streams_per_user` to prevent overload

---

## Common Issues

| Issue | Solution |
|-------|----------|
| High ingester memory | Reduce `max_streams_per_user`, lower `chunk_idle_period` |
| Slow queries | Increase `max_concurrent`, enable parallelization, add caching |
| Ingestion failures | Check `ingestion_rate_mb`, verify storage connectivity |
| Storage growing fast | Enable retention, check compression, review cardinality |
| Data loss in AZ failure | Enable `zone_awareness_enabled: true` |
| Config validation fails | Run `loki -verify-config`, check YAML syntax |

---

## Deprecated (Migrate Away)

- `boltdb-shipper` → `tsdb`
- `lokiexporter` → `otlphttp`
- Promtail → Grafana Alloy (support ends Feb 2026)

---

## Resources

**scripts/generate_config.py** - Generate configs programmatically (RECOMMENDED)
**examples/** - Complete configuration examples for all modes
**references/** - Full parameter reference and best practices

## Related Skills

- **logql-generator** - LogQL query generation
- **fluentbit-generator** - Log collection to Loki