Run Flipped Classroom

---
name: run-flipped-classroom
description: Use when redesigning a course so that content delivery happens outside class (video, readings) and class time is used for practice, discussion, and application
source: Bergmann & Sams "Flip Your Classroom" (2012); Bishop & Verleger "The Flipped Classroom" ASEE (2013); Flipped Learning Network (FLN) Four Pillars of F-L-I-P
tags: [flipped-classroom, blended-learning, instructional-design, teaching, active-learning]
verified: true
---

# Run Flipped Classroom

Redesign course delivery so learners engage with content (video, readings, podcasts) before class, and class time is entirely devoted to application, discussion, problem-solving, and instructor feedback.

## Why This Is Best Practice

**Adopted by:** Khan Academy's inverted classroom model, Clintondale High School (reduced failure rates from 52% to 19% in one year), Harvard STEM flipped courses, medical school PBL (problem-based learning)
**Impact:** Bishop & Verleger (2013) meta-analysis shows flipped classrooms consistently increase active learning time by 3–4× compared to traditional lectures; meta-analysis across K–12 and higher education shows average learning gain effect size of 0.36
**Why best:** The Flipped Learning Network's F-L-I-P pillars (Flexible Environment, Learning Culture, Intentional Content, Professional Educator) define what flipping must be to produce learning gains — not simply moving lecture to video, but fundamentally redesigning the learning experience.

Sources: Bergmann & Sams "Flip Your Classroom" (2012); Bishop & Verleger ASEE (2013); FLN "Four Pillars of F-L-I-P" (2014)

## Steps

1. **Define the flip boundary** — identify which content can be pre-class (conceptual explanation, definitions, foundational procedures) vs. which requires in-class time (application, analysis, synthesis, complex problem-solving).
2. **Create pre-class content** — produce or curate: short videos (5–8 min maximum), readings (<10 pages), podcasts, or interactive simulations; label each with the learning objective it addresses.
3. **Design pre-class accountability** — assign a brief accountability task with the pre-class content: 3-question quiz in LMS, reflection question, or "muddiest point" submission; this ensures learners complete the preparation.
4. **Check pre-class completion before class** — review quiz scores or reflection submissions before class; this tells you what misconceptions to address and which learners need targeted support during class.
5. **Design class activities for application level** — plan 100% of class time as learner activity: problem-solving, case study analysis, Socratic discussion, project work, peer teaching; instructor speaks no more than 10–15% of class time.
6. **Use the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) technique** — compile common misconceptions from pre-class submissions; open class by addressing the top 2–3 misunderstandings before launching the main activity.
7. **Circulate and coach during class** — instructor role shifts from lecturer to coach; circulate among working groups, ask probing questions, provide targeted feedback, identify stuck students; prioritize the learners who need the most support.
8. **Use class for peer instruction** — implement Mazur's Peer Instruction model: pose a conceptual question, learners vote individually, learners discuss in pairs, re-vote; concept questions where 30–70% answer incorrectly produce the best discussion.
9. **Reserve complex feedback for class** — use class time for feedback on complex work (essays, design work, projects) that benefits from instructor and peer interaction; transactional feedback (quiz answers) can be automated.
10. **Evaluate and iterate** — survey learners on pre-class content quality and in-class activity effectiveness after each module; adjust video length, activity design, and accountability tasks based on engagement and completion data.

## Rules

- Pre-class content must be self-contained — learners who miss one video must not be stranded; each video must be completable without the previous one, or the dependency must be explicit.
- Class time must be 100% active — a flipped classroom that uses class time for re-lecturing the pre-class content defeats the entire model.
- Pre-class accountability is non-negotiable — without a completion incentive, a significant portion of learners (30–50%) will not complete pre-class work.
- Instructor must be present and circulating throughout class — sitting at the front while students work is not flipped learning facilitation; the instructor's value is now in personalized coaching.
- Video quality must meet minimum standards — poor audio is a deal-breaker for pre-class video; invest in a decent USB microphone ($50–100) before any other production quality.

## Common Mistakes

- **Moving the lecture to video without redesigning class** — a flipped classroom is not a recorded lecture + homework; class must be fundamentally redesigned for application.
- **No pre-class accountability** — without accountability, learners arrive unprepared and class time is wasted re-teaching the pre-class content.
- **Videos too long** — 30-minute pre-class videos will not be completed; 5–8 minute maximum per concept.
- **Instructor lectures during class time** — if the instructor falls back to lecturing when students are confused, the flip collapses; address confusion through Socratic questioning and re-direction to the pre-class resource.
- **Insufficient preparation time** — creating pre-class content takes 2–5× longer than preparing a live lecture; plan accordingly for the first iteration.

## When NOT to Use

- Learners without reliable internet or devices for pre-class content access
- Skills that require physical demonstration and practice that cannot be pre-taught via video
- One-off sessions without recurring class meetings (the flip works across a course arc, not a single session)