Build leveraged buyout (LBO) models for PE/sponsor acquisitions. Calculates Sources & Uses, debt schedules, cash flow sweeps, and sponsor returns (IRR/MOIC). Triggers on "LBO", "leveraged buyout", "PE收购", "杠杆收购", "sponsor returns", "IRR", "MOIC", "债务结构", "收购模型".
Scanned 9/8/2026
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---
name: lbo-model
description: |
Build leveraged buyout (LBO) models for PE/sponsor acquisitions. Calculates Sources & Uses, debt schedules, cash flow sweeps, and sponsor returns (IRR/MOIC).
Triggers on "LBO", "leveraged buyout", "PE收购", "杠杆收购", "sponsor returns", "IRR", "MOIC", "债务结构", "收购模型".
---
# LBO Model(杠杆收购模型)
## 功能说明
构建 LBO(Leveraged Buyout)杠杆收购模型,为私募股权(PE)收购交易计算融资结构、债务偿还计划和投资回报。
## 工作流
### Step 1: 交易参数设定
- 标的公司财务概况(Revenue / EBITDA / FCF)
- 收购价格 / Entry Multiple(EV/EBITDA)
- 交易日期和退出时间假设(通常 5 年)
- 管理层参与(Management Rollover %)
### Step 2: Sources & Uses
**Uses(资金用途):**
- Enterprise Value(收购价格)
- Transaction Fees(顾问费、律师费、融资费)
- Debt Issuance Costs(融资安排费)
- Refinancing of Existing Debt
**Sources(资金来源):**
- Senior Secured Debt(Term Loan A / B)
- Second Lien / Mezzanine
- High Yield Bonds / Notes
- Seller Note
- Sponsor Equity(PE 出资)
- Management Rollover
### Step 3: 债务结构设计
| 层级 | 典型倍数 | 利率 | 摊还 |
|------|---------|------|------|
| Revolver | 1.0-1.5x | SOFR + 200-350bps | Bullet |
| Term Loan A | 1.5-2.5x | SOFR + 250-400bps | 10-15% p.a. |
| Term Loan B | 2.0-3.5x | SOFR + 300-500bps | 1% p.a. |
| Second Lien | 0.5-1.5x | SOFR + 600-900bps | Bullet |
| Mezzanine | 0.5-1.0x | 12-16% (PIK可选) | Bullet |
| High Yield | 1.0-2.0x | 7-12% Fixed | Bullet |
- Total Leverage: 4.0-7.0x EBITDA(视行业和市场环境)
- Senior Leverage: 3.0-5.0x EBITDA
### Step 4: 运营预测(5年)
- Revenue Growth 假设
- EBITDA Margin 演进
- CapEx(维护性 + 增长性)
- Working Capital 变动
- 计算 Free Cash Flow Available for Debt Service
### Step 5: 债务偿还计划
- Mandatory Amortization(合同强制偿还)
- Cash Flow Sweep(超额现金流强制还款,通常 50-75%)
- Optional Prepayment(自愿提前偿还)
- 每年计算 Net Debt / EBITDA 去杠杆进度
- Interest Coverage Ratio 监控
### Step 6: 退出分析
**退出方式:**
- 战略出售(Trade Sale)
- 二次收购(Secondary Buyout)
- IPO
- Dividend Recapitalization
**退出估值:**
- Exit Multiple(通常 = Entry Multiple 或有 expansion/compression)
- Exit Enterprise Value = Exit EBITDA × Exit Multiple
- Exit Equity Value = Exit EV - Net Debt at Exit
### Step 7: 回报计算
```
MOIC = Exit Equity / Entry Equity
IRR = (MOIC)^(1/Years) - 1(简化)
```
- 分拆回报来源:
- EBITDA Growth(运营增长)
- Multiple Expansion(估值扩张)
- Debt Paydown(杠杆去化)
- Dividend Recaps(分红回流)
### Step 8: 敏感性分析
- Entry Multiple vs Exit Multiple
- EBITDA Growth vs Exit Multiple
- Leverage vs IRR
- Hold Period vs IRR/MOIC
## 输出规范
- **主交付物**:完整 LBO 模型(Sources & Uses + 运营预测 + 债务计划 + 回报分析)
- **回报汇总**:IRR / MOIC / Cash-on-Cash,含回报归因分解
- **敏感性表**:关键变量矩阵
- **信贷指标监控**:Leverage / Coverage / FCF Yield 逐年变化
## 注意事项
- Total Leverage 须符合当前信贷市场环境
- Debt Capacity 须经得起 Downside Case 压力测试
- Cash Flow Sweep 条款须明确触发条件
- 管理层激励(MIP)通常 10-20% 稀释须体现在回报计算中
- 区分 Gross IRR vs Net IRR(扣除 GP 费用)
- 不同退出假设下的回报区间须同时呈现
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