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Capital Markets
ASecurityCapital markets issuance advisory: ECM (equity), DCM (debt), and leveraged finance structuring. Covers IPO, follow-on, convertible, bond issuance, syndicated loans, and private placements. Triggers on "资本市场", "融资方案", "发行", "IPO", "ECM", "DCM", "债券发行", "股权融资", "可转债", "银团贷款", "私募配售", "capital markets", "bond issuance", "equity offering".
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- Added September 8, 2026
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[](https://www.skillsdirectory.com/skills/infometa-capital-markets)---
name: capital-markets
description: |
Capital markets issuance advisory: ECM (equity), DCM (debt), and leveraged finance structuring. Covers IPO, follow-on, convertible, bond issuance, syndicated loans, and private placements.
Triggers on "资本市场", "融资方案", "发行", "IPO", "ECM", "DCM", "债券发行", "股权融资", "可转债", "银团贷款", "私募配售", "capital markets", "bond issuance", "equity offering".
---
# Capital Markets(资本市场发行)
## 功能说明
为发行人设计最优资本市场融资方案,覆盖 ECM(股权资本市场)、DCM(债务资本市场)和杠杆融资(Leveraged Finance),输出完整的融资建议书。
## 工作流
### Step 1: 发行人画像
- 公司基本面:行业、规模、信用状况、增长阶段
- 现有资本结构:Debt/EBITDA、Interest Coverage、Credit Rating
- 融资需求:金额、用途(增长/再融资/收购/回购)
- 时间约束:何时需要资金到位
- 股东结构:控股比例、锁定期、稀释意愿
### Step 2: 融资工具评估
#### ECM(股权资本市场)
| 工具 | 适用场景 | 关键考量 |
|------|---------|---------|
| IPO | 首次上市 | 市场窗口、估值、锁定期 |
| Follow-on / SPO | 已上市再融资 | 折价幅度、股价影响 |
| Rights Issue | 现有股东优先 | 认购率、包销安排 |
| Convertible Bond | 低稀释融资 | 转股溢价、Delta对冲 |
| PIPE | 私募配售 | 折价、投资者选择 |
| Block Trade | 大股东减持 | 定价折扣、执行速度 |
#### DCM(债务资本市场)
| 工具 | 适用场景 | 关键考量 |
|------|---------|---------|
| Investment Grade Bond | 高评级公司 | Spread、Tenor、Call Protection |
| High Yield Bond | 低评级/无评级 | Covenant、Call Schedule |
| Syndicated Loan | 银行融资 | Pricing Grid、Amortization |
| Private Placement | 非公开债务 | Covenant Package、Investor Base |
| ABS/RMBS/CMBS | 资产证券化 | Subordination、Triggers |
| Schuldschein | 欧洲私募 | 简化流程、灵活结构 |
#### Leveraged Finance
| 工具 | 适用场景 | 关键考量 |
|------|---------|---------|
| Term Loan B | LBO 融资 | Flex、OID、Repricing |
| Second Lien | 额外杠杆 | Intercreditor Agreement |
| Mezzanine | 夹层融资 | PIK Toggle、Equity Kicker |
| Unitranche | 一体化融资 | AOTC、First-out/Last-out |
### Step 3: 方案设计
- 推荐融资结构(可能多工具组合)
- 预计定价区间(Spread / Coupon / Yield)
- 预计发行规模和时间线
- 投资者定位策略
- 承销/分销安排(Bookrunning / Joint Lead)
### Step 4: 市场窗口分析
- 当前市场环境(Risk-on / Risk-off)
- 同行业近期发行案例和定价
- 利率环境和走势预期
- 信用利差趋势
- 股票市场情绪(如 ECM)
- 日历考量(黑out期、假期、财报季)
### Step 5: 条款设计
**ECM:**
- Greenshoe(超额配售权)
- Lock-up Period
- Pre-emptive Rights
**DCM / LevFin:**
- Financial Covenants(Maintenance vs Incurrence)
- Restricted Payments
- Change of Control
- Call Protection / Make-Whole
- Security Package / Guarantee Structure
### Step 6: 执行路线图
- 准备阶段:尽调、评级、文件起草
- 市场推介:Roadshow / Investor Meetings
- 定价与分配
- 交割与结算
- 关键 Milestone 和时间节点
## 输出规范
- **主交付物**:融资建议书(Financing Proposal)
- **方案对比**:多方案优劣对比表
- **时间线**:Gantt 式执行路线图
- **条款摘要**:Key Terms Sheet
- **市场数据**:支撑定价建议的市场参考
## 注意事项
- 融资建议须考虑对现有评级的影响
- ECM 须注意内幕交易合规窗口
- 跨境发行须考虑税务结构(Withholding Tax)
- 条款设计须平衡发行人灵活性和投资者保护
- 不对市场走势做绝对预测,给出情景分析
- 明确标注哪些为市场惯例、哪些为创新条款
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