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Compositional Invariance Lebesgue

ASecurity

Network safety verification via local if-and-only-if checks.

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Added 10/3/2026
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A100/100

Scanned 10/3/2026

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SKILL.md
---
name: compositional-invariance-lebesgue
category: systems-engineering
description: Network safety verification via local if-and-only-if checks.
trigger_words: forward invariance, compositional safety, interconnected systems, assume-guarantee contracts, tangent cone, contingent cone, sleekness, networked control systems, DC microgrid safety, scalable safety verification, cyber-physical systems safety certificate
---

# Compositional Invariance via Tangential Lebesgue-Density

Source: Dekkaki, Belamfedel Alaoui, Reynaud, Maghenem, Iovine, Saoud, arXiv:2609.36539 (UM6P / Grenoble / Paris-Saclay).

## Core Result (Theorem 4.1) — 首个双向组合不变性定理

对连续时间互联系统 Σ = ⟨(Σᵢ), 𝓘⟩(N 个子系统,Cartesian 连接结构),**全局安全 ⟺ 局部安全**:

```
K = ∏ᵢ Kᵢ  对互联系统 Σ 是鲁棒前向不变集
⟺ 每个 Kᵢ 对子系统 Σᵢ 在耦合输入 Wᵢ² = ∏_{j∈N(i)} hⱼ(Kⱼ) 下是鲁棒前向不变集
⟺ 局部切锥包含: fᵢ(xᵢ, Wᵢ¹, Wᵢ²) ⊆ T_Kᵢ(xᵢ)  对所有边界点 xᵢ ∈ ∂Kᵢ
```

**意义**:此前所有 assume-guarantee / 组合安全框架(含 dissipativity 路线)只建立**充分方向**(局部⇒全局)。本文首次证明**充要**:全局不变性必然蕴含局部不变性——全局安全验证可以完全分解为独立局部子检查,**局部子检查通过 ⟹ 无需全局验证**。

## Key Innovation: Tangential Lebesgue-Density(切向 Lebesgue 稠密性)

等价性的技术核心。经典结果要求集合 **sleek**(Clarke 切锥 = contingent 锥,即 z ↦ T_K(z) 下半连续)才能保证:

```
∏ᵢ T_Kᵢ(xᵢ) = T_K(x)   (个体切锥之积 = 积集合的切锥)
```

Sleekness 太强。新条件:

**定义**:K 在 x ∈ ∂K 处切向 Lebesgue-稠密,若对所有 v ∈ T_K(x) 和 ε>0,可行时间集
```
S_K(x,v,ε) = { t>0 : ∃w, ‖w−v‖<ε, x+tw ∈ K }
```
满足 λ(S_K(x,v,ε) ∩ (0,r))/r → 1(当 r→0),即**近切向方向的有效时间占据零附近的几乎整个区间**。

**层级关系**:sleek ⟹ tangentially Lebesgue-dense;**逆命题为假**(反例:K = {y≥0} ∪ {x=0, y≤0} 的原点处稠密但不 sleek——T_K 非凸)。**凸集 ⟹ sleek ⟹ 稠密**(实用判据:区间/盒子约束自动满足)。

稠密性足以同步多个局部序列为单一全局序列,从而建立 ∏T_Kᵢ ⊆ T_K——反向包含平凡成立,二者合成等式。

## Verification Recipe(可复用流程)

1. **建模**:将每个子系统表示为 Σᵢ = (Xᵢ, Wᵢ¹, Wᵢ², Yᵢ, fᵢ, hᵢ)——区分外部扰动 w¹(环境/未建模)与内部耦合输入 w²(邻居输出,由连接结构内生决定)
2. **正则性**(Assumption 2.2):fᵢ Lipschitz 集值映射、紧值、Xᵢ×Wᵢ¹×Wᵢ² ⊂ int dom(fᵢ)、hᵢ 连续——标准微分包含条件,互联后自动继承(Lemma 2.5)
3. **局部集**:Kᵢ 闭集且切向 Lebesgue-稠密(凸集/区间自动满足)
4. **局部检查**:对每个 i 和每个边界点 xᵢ ∈ ∂Kᵢ,验证 fᵢ(xᵢ, Wᵢ¹, Wᵢ²) ⊆ T_Kᵢ(xᵢ),其中耦合集 Wᵢ² = ∏_{j∈N(i)} hⱼ(Kⱼ) 只依赖**直接邻居的安全集投影**
5. **结论**:所有局部检查通过 ⟺ 全局 K 不变,无需检查全局边界(其维度随 N 指数增长)

### 复杂度
- **区间型 Kᵢ(如电压带)**:每子系统 2 个标量不等式(上界处导数≤0,下界处导数≥0),总计 **2N 个标量检查,与网络拓扑无关**,复杂度 O(N)
- 对比集中式:条件需在 R^n(n=Σnᵢ)中不可数无穷边界点集上验证——无有限程序

## Case Study: 100-DGU 直流微电网
- 模型:Buck 变换器 + LC 滤波 + droop 一次控制,准稳态线路近似后每个 DGU 退化为**标量一阶系统**:
  ```
  Cᵢ V̇ᵢ = −(Vᵢ−V_nom)/Rᵢ_d + I_nom − I_L,i − Σ_{j}(Vᵢ−Vⱼ)/R_ij
  ```
- 安全带:Kᵢ = [47.2, 48.6] V(±1.5% 于 48V 标称)
- 拓扑:N=100,k-最近邻环(k=6,左右各3)——稠密耦合考验证书鲁棒性
- 负载电流 Wᵢ¹ = [0,12] A(共模慢阶跃 + 个体偏移 + 5% 噪声)
- 结果:**200 个标量不等式**完成全网安全证书;仿真确认 100 条电压轨迹全程滞留带内

## When to Use / When NOT
**适用**:
- 大规模网络化 CPS(微电网、多机编队、交通网)的安全证书,集中式验证维度爆炸
- 需要**必要条件**(诊断能力):某局部检查失败 ⟹ 全局必不安全,可定位故障子系统(充分性-only 框架无此诊断)
- Cartesian 积安全集 + Lipschitz 动力学的标准设定

**限制**:
- 安全集必须是 Cartesian 积结构(非积耦合约束如 Σ|Vᵢ−Vⱼ|≤ε 不直接适用)
- 需要 Kᵢ 切向 Lebesgue-稠密(凸集免费;一般闭集需验证或反例排除)
- 耦合集 Wᵢ² = ∏hⱼ(Kⱼ) 可能保守(邻居取整个安全集而非实际轨迹范围)

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hiyenwonghiyenwong
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