Use for authorized reverse engineering of custom binary protocols, Protobuf/gRPC, WebSocket frames, and PCAP-driven protocol recovery.
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Scanned 9/23/2026
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---
name: protocol-reverse
description: Use for authorized reverse engineering of custom binary protocols, Protobuf/gRPC, WebSocket frames, and PCAP-driven protocol recovery.
user-invocable: true
---
# Protocol Reverse Engineering
## 适用场景
- 自定义 TCP/UDP 二进制协议
- Protobuf / gRPC / FlatBuffers / MessagePack
- WebSocket / MQTT / 私有 RPC
- PCAP / PCAPNG 还原字段与状态机
- 客户端-服务端校验、序列号、加密帧头
## 不走本 skill
| 情况 | 去哪 |
|------|------|
| 仅 HTTP 参数签名 / JS 加密 | `js-reverse/` |
| 仅 TLS 证书问题 | `pentest-tools/` 或浏览器代理 |
| 固件内协议栈深挖 + 仿真 | `firmware-pentest/` 后再回本 skill |
## 工作流
### Phase 1 — 采集与分诊
```text
□ 拿到样本:PCAP / 代理导出 / 客户端日志 / 二进制
□ 标记方向:C→S / S→C;是否有握手、心跳、重连
□ 固定头?魔数?长度字段?TLV?定长?
□ 是否压缩(zlib/gzip/lz4)或加密(AES/ChaCha 帧内)
□ tshark -r cap.pcap -T fields -e frame.number -e ip.src -e tcp.payload
```
### Phase 2 — 帧布局还原
```text
□ 对齐多个同类消息,找不变字节 / 自增序列号
□ 长度字段:大端/小端、含头/不含头
□ 校验:CRC16/32、checksum、HMAC 位置
□ 画出状态机:Connect → Auth → Ready → Request/Response → Close
□ 工具:Wireshark 自定义 dissector 草稿 / ImHex / 010 Editor 模板 / Kaitai Struct
```
### Phase 3 — 序列化与加密
```text
□ Protobuf:.proto 恢复(blackboxprotobuf / pbtk / protoc --decode_raw)
□ gRPC:HTTP/2 headers + protobuf body
□ 加密:找密钥派生(客户端 so/dll/JS)→ 联合 ida-reverse / js-reverse / apk-reverse
□ 重放:仅在授权 scope 内;先无害字段再敏感操作
```
### Phase 4 — 产物
```text
MUST 产出:
- 消息类型表(name / opcode / fields)
- 至少 1 条可复现的解码命令或脚本
- Evidence:原始 hex 摘录 + 解码结果(脱敏)
```
## 工具链
| 工具 | 必需 | 用途 |
|------|------|------|
| tshark / Wireshark | 强烈建议 | PCAP 解析 |
| Python3 | 是 | 解码脚本 |
| blackboxprotobuf | 可选 | 未知 protobuf |
| ImHex / 010 | 可选 | 结构模板 |
| IDA / r2 / Ghidra | 按需 | 客户端序列化函数,见对应 skill |
## 参考
- `references/protocol-workflow.md` — 帧布局与 Protobuf 速查
- 相关:`../ida-reverse/` `../js-reverse/` `../firmware-pentest/` `../pentest-tools/`
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