Docker 容器操作与管理
Scanned 2/12/2026
Install to Claude Code
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---
name: container-ops
description: Docker 容器操作与管理
version: 1.0.0
author: terminal-skills
tags: [docker, container, devops]
---
# Docker 容器操作
## 概述
Docker 容器的日常操作,包括生命周期管理、资源限制、日志查看等。
## 容器生命周期
```bash
# 运行容器
docker run -d --name myapp nginx
docker run -it --rm ubuntu bash
# 常用参数
docker run -d \
--name myapp \
-p 8080:80 \
-v /host/path:/container/path \
-e ENV_VAR=value \
--restart unless-stopped \
nginx
# 启停容器
docker start/stop/restart container_name
docker pause/unpause container_name
# 删除容器
docker rm container_name
docker rm -f container_name # 强制删除
docker container prune # 清理停止的容器
```
## 容器查看
```bash
# 列出容器
docker ps # 运行中
docker ps -a # 所有
docker ps -q # 仅 ID
docker ps --format "table {{.Names}}\t{{.Status}}\t{{.Ports}}"
# 容器详情
docker inspect container_name
docker inspect -f '{{.NetworkSettings.IPAddress}}' container_name
# 资源使用
docker stats
docker stats container_name
docker top container_name
```
## 容器交互
```bash
# 进入容器
docker exec -it container_name /bin/bash
docker exec -it container_name sh
# 执行命令
docker exec container_name ls -la
# 查看日志
docker logs container_name
docker logs -f container_name # 实时跟踪
docker logs --tail 100 container_name # 最后 100 行
docker logs --since 1h container_name # 最近 1 小时
```
## 资源限制
```bash
# 内存限制
docker run -d --memory=512m nginx
# CPU 限制
docker run -d --cpus=1.5 nginx
docker run -d --cpu-shares=512 nginx
# 更新运行中容器
docker update --memory=1g container_name
docker update --cpus=2 container_name
```
## 文件操作
```bash
# 复制文件
docker cp container_name:/path/file ./local
docker cp ./local container_name:/path/
# 查看文件变更
docker diff container_name
# 导出容器
docker export container_name > container.tar
docker import container.tar myimage:tag
```
## 常见场景
### 场景 1:调试容器
```bash
# 1. 查看容器状态
docker inspect container_name | jq '.[0].State'
# 2. 查看日志
docker logs --tail 50 container_name
# 3. 进入容器排查
docker exec -it container_name sh
# 4. 查看进程
docker top container_name
```
### 场景 2:容器无法启动
```bash
# 查看退出原因
docker inspect container_name | jq '.[0].State.ExitCode'
docker inspect container_name | jq '.[0].State.Error'
# 查看日志
docker logs container_name
# 以交互模式启动排查
docker run -it --entrypoint sh image_name
```
### 场景 3:批量操作
```bash
# 停止所有容器
docker stop $(docker ps -q)
# 删除所有停止的容器
docker container prune -f
# 删除所有容器
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
```
## 故障排查
| 问题 | 排查方法 |
|------|----------|
| 容器退出 | `docker logs`, `docker inspect` |
| 网络不通 | `docker network inspect`, 检查端口映射 |
| 磁盘满 | `docker system df`, `docker system prune` |
| 内存溢出 | `docker stats`, 检查 OOMKilled |
| 启动慢 | 检查健康检查配置, 镜像大小 |
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