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Systematic Debugging

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Use when encountering any bug, test failure, or unexpected behavior, before proposing fixes

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  • Added September 24, 2026
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npx -y skills add Azzygoatcoder/agent-useful-skills --skill systematic-debugging --agent claude-code

Installs into .claude/skills of the current project.

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SKILL.md
---
name: systematic-debugging
description: Use when encountering any bug, test failure, or unexpected behavior, before proposing fixes
---

# Systematic Debugging

## Overview

**Core principle:** ALWAYS find root cause before attempting fixes. Symptom fixes are failure.

**Violating the letter of this process is violating the spirit of debugging.**

## The Iron Law

```
NO FIXES WITHOUT ROOT CAUSE INVESTIGATION FIRST
```

If you haven't completed Phase 1, you cannot propose fixes.

## 场景判定(先定轻重,再定流程)

| 场景 | 力度 |
|------|------|
| 生产环境、正式项目、共享代码、反复出现的 bug | **完整四阶段**:根因 → 模式 → 假设验证 → 实施 |
| 个人业余项目、低风险探索、一次性脚本 | **轻量调试**:至少做到「稳定复现 → 定位根因 → 验证修复」;不需要形式上把四阶段全走一遍 |
| 纯 throwaway / 临时现象 | 可不深挖,但不要把这个修复当作"已验证"提交 |

> 判断标准:**这个 bug 会浪费别人/后续/生产多少时间?** 低风险就快走,高成本就按完整流程。完整流程不是仪式,是"这个错误值得花时间"时的护城河。

> ⚠️ **与 references/debugging-guide.md 的优先级**:该文件是上游原文,里面写着 "You MUST complete each phase"
> 并把"问题很简单不需要流程"列为 Common Rationalization。**上面这张场景判定表是本地新增的、优先于它的**——
> 但那句 rationalization 警告的失效模式仍然成立:判定为「轻量」**不代表可以跳过根因定位**(轻量路径第 2 步
> 就是定位根因)。换句话说:**可以少走阶段,不可以不做根因。** 拿不准按「完整四阶段」走。

## Quick Reference

| Phase | Key Activities | Success Criteria |
|-------|---------------|------------------|
| **1. Root Cause** | Read errors, reproduce, check changes, gather evidence | Understand WHAT and WHY |
| **2. Pattern** | Find working examples, compare | Identify differences |
| **3. Hypothesis** | Form theory, test minimally | Confirmed or new hypothesis |
| **4. Implementation** | Create test, fix, verify | Bug resolved, tests pass |

完整四阶段、Red Flags、Common Rationalizations 和 Supporting Techniques 见 [references/debugging-guide.md](references/debugging-guide.md)。

## 轻量路径(个人/低风险项目)

1. **先复现**:能不能稳定触发?不能,先补数据/日志,别猜。
2. **定位根因**:读错误信息、看最近改动、追到数据源头。至少确定“是哪里错了”,而不是“哪里看起来像错”。
3. **最小修复**:一次只改一个变量,验证修复是否生效。
4. **验收**:确认问题消失;如果影响真实使用,补一个最小回归测试。

## Red Flags(速记)

- 还没定位根因就开始改
- “先快速修一下,之后再查”
- 一次改多个地方
- 3 次以上修复失败还在继续

遇到这些,STOP 回到根因调查。

## Supporting Techniques

- **`root-cause-tracing.md`** — Trace bugs backward through call stack to find original trigger
- **`defense-in-depth.md`** — Add validation at multiple layers after finding root cause
- **`condition-based-waiting.md`** — Replace arbitrary timeouts with condition polling

完整展开见 [references/debugging-guide.md](references/debugging-guide.md)。

Files in this skill

  • CREATION-LOG.md4.2 KB
  • SKILL.md3.3 KB
  • condition-based-waiting-example.ts4.9 KB
  • condition-based-waiting.md3.4 KB
  • defense-in-depth.md3.6 KB
  • find-polluter.sh1.9 KB
  • references/debugging-guide.md8.7 KB
  • root-cause-tracing.md5.2 KB
  • test-academic.md653 B
  • test-pressure-1.md1.9 KB
  • test-pressure-2.md2.2 KB
  • test-pressure-3.md2.6 KB

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