Expo Sdk Upgrade

---
name: expo-sdk-upgrade
description: Upgrading Expo SDK and React Native safely. Use when bumping the SDK or react-native, or when the app broke after an upgrade: upgrade order, expo install --fix, expo-doctor, config plugins, OTA pitfalls.
user-invocable: false
---

# Expo SDK upgrades without a lost weekend

## Ground rules

- One SDK version at a time. Two majors in one jump doubles the breakage and halves your ability to bisect it.
- Upgrade on a branch and keep the app runnable on main. You will want to diff against a working tree.
- Read the SDK changelog before touching anything. The "Breaking changes" and "Deprecations" sections are short and they are the whole game.
- Budget real time for it. A clean upgrade is an afternoon; a project with many native libraries can take days.

## The order of operations

```bash
# 1. Update the expo package itself to the target SDK. Check expo.dev/changelog
#    for the current number: Expo now ships about three SDKs a year (55, 56 and
#    57 all landed in the first half of 2026), so a number written here rots fast.
npm install expo@^<target>.0.0

# 2. Let Expo align every SDK-managed dependency to the versions it was tested with
npx expo install --fix

# 3. Ask for a health report
npx expo-doctor@latest
```

The SDK changelogs fold steps 1 and 2 into one command, `npx expo install expo@^<target>.0.0 --fix`; either form ends in the same place.

`expo install --fix` is the step people skip and then pay for. React Native, React, Reanimated, gesture-handler, screens and the rest are version-coupled per SDK. Mixing "latest of everything" is the most common source of upgrade crashes.

Then:

```bash
# 4. Regenerate native projects if the repo uses CNG (no manual edits under ios/ or android/).
#    --clean deletes ios/ and android/ before regenerating, which is what the
#    changelogs mean by "delete the native directories and run prebuild".
npx expo prebuild --clean

# 5. Run both platforms before declaring victory
npx expo run:ios
npx expo run:android
```

If the project uses expo-dev-client, the previous development build is now the wrong runtime. Build a new one (the run commands above produce it) before testing anything, or every screen looks broken for a reason that has nothing to do with the upgrade.

## What expo-doctor tells you and what it cannot

expo-doctor validates dependency versions against React Native Directory metadata and flags unmaintained or incompatible packages. Take its "unmaintained" flags seriously: abandoned native libraries block more upgrades than anything else, and swapping one is often cheaper than patching it.

It cannot catch runtime behavior changes. A library can install cleanly and still break at runtime because of a renamed prop or a New Architecture difference, which is why step 5 is non-negotiable.

## Version-coupled packages

- react-native-reanimated: tightly coupled to the React Native version. Never pin it ahead of or behind what `expo install` chooses.
- react-native-gesture-handler, react-native-screens, react-native-safe-area-context: same rule.
- react-native-reanimated 4 (SDK 54 and later) split its worklet runtime into a separate package and runs only on the New Architecture. `react-native-worklets` must be a direct dependency, and the Babel plugin moves from `react-native-reanimated/plugin` to `react-native-worklets/plugin`. babel-preset-expo picks the worklets plugin up on its own once the package is present, but an explicit reanimated plugin entry in babel.config.js has to be renamed, and bare projects need the new entry. Half-migrations fail with `Cannot find module 'react-native-worklets'` or plugin mismatch errors at startup. `expo install --fix` aligns versions of packages you already have; it does not add the new package or edit Babel config.
- Anything with a config plugin: plugin APIs shift between SDKs, so a library's plugin can throw during prebuild even when its runtime code is fine. The error names the plugin; check that library's release notes for the SDK you are targeting.

## The OTA trap that takes apps down

Runtime version separates JS updates from native binaries. After an SDK upgrade the native runtime changes, so:

- Never publish an OTA update from the upgraded branch to a channel that old binaries are still reading, unless the runtime version also changed and therefore fences them off.
- With `"runtimeVersion": { "policy": "appVersion" }` bumping the app version fences updates automatically. That policy is the safe default for teams that do not want to think about it.
- The failure mode when this goes wrong is the worst kind: the store binary crashes on launch for every existing user until they update through the store.

Check `runtimeVersion`, `channel` and the update URL in app config as part of every upgrade, not after the incident.

## Monorepo and lockfile notes

- npm workspaces hoist aggressively. A singleton package (react, react-native) resolving twice produces "Invalid hook call" or duplicate-module native errors. Use overrides at the workspace root to pin singletons, and verify with `npm ls react-native`.
- If dependency resolution seems stuck on stale versions after edits, do a full reinstall (`rm -rf node_modules && npm install`), but keep the lockfile unless you intend to re-resolve the world.

## After it builds

- Click through auth, purchases, camera/media, push and deep links. These touch native modules and break silently.
- Ship to the store lane, not OTA, for the first release after any upgrade.
- Delete any patch-package patches the upgrade made obsolete. Stale patches against moved code fail in ways that look supernatural.