Use when a 《数量经济技术经济研究》 (JQTE) manuscript makes a forecasting or prediction claim — macro forecasting, business-cycle / sentiment indices, mixed-frequency nowcasting, or model-based prediction. Enforces genuine out-of-sample evaluation (RMSE / MAE / directional accuracy / Diebold-Mariano), a proper benchmark, and a recursive / rolling design. The fastest desk-reject here is reporting in-sample fit only.
Scanned 6/5/2026
Install to Claude Code
npx -y skills add brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills --skill jqte-forecasting --agent claude-codeInstalls into .claude/skills of the current project.
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---
name: jqte-forecasting
description: Use when a 《数量经济技术经济研究》 (JQTE) manuscript makes a forecasting or prediction claim — macro forecasting, business-cycle / sentiment indices, mixed-frequency nowcasting, or model-based prediction. Enforces genuine out-of-sample evaluation (RMSE / MAE / directional accuracy / Diebold-Mariano), a proper benchmark, and a recursive / rolling design. The fastest desk-reject here is reporting in-sample fit only.
---
# 预测评估(jqte-forecasting)
## 触发时机
- 文章声称"能预测"某宏观/行业指标或景气
- 只报了样本内拟合(R²、拟合图),没有样本外检验
- 没有对比基准模型,无法说明"预测得更好"
## 本刊铁律:样本外评估 + 基准对比
**只报样本内拟合是高频拒因。** 预测的价值在样本外,必须有真正的 out-of-sample 设计和一个像样的基准。
## 必备四件套
1. **样本划分**:训练/验证/测试明确,或采用递归 (recursive) / 滚动 (rolling) 窗口,避免用全样本信息预测过去(信息泄漏)。
2. **基准模型**:至少与随机游走 (RW)、AR(p)、或一个简单基准比较——"比 naive 模型好"是底线。
3. **误差度量**:点预测报 RMSE / MAE / MAPE;方向性预测报方向准确率 (directional accuracy) / 混淆矩阵;必要时报区间预测覆盖率。
4. **统计显著性**:用 Diebold-Mariano(或 Clark-West,嵌套模型)检验预测差异是否显著,而非只看数字大小。
## 设计要点
- 预测期 (horizon) h 明确,多步预测报各 h 的误差,不只报 h=1
- 实时数据 vs 修订后数据:宏观预测应说明用的是哪种(real-time vs revised)
- 混频/nowcasting:信息集随时间更新的方式交代清楚
- 若做政策模拟/情景预测,区分"条件预测"与"无条件预测"
## 自检清单
- [ ] 有真正的样本外评估,不是样本内拟合
- [ ] 样本划分/滚动窗口无信息泄漏
- [ ] 至少一个基准模型(RW / AR)对比
- [ ] 报告 RMSE/MAE 或方向准确率,按 horizon 分列
- [ ] 用 Diebold-Mariano 等检验预测优势的显著性
- [ ] 数据修订/实时性问题有交代(宏观)
## 反模式
- 用全样本估计、再"预测"样本内的点,号称预测能力
- 只与自己的另一版模型比,不与 naive 基准比
- 报一个好看的 RMSE 却不做显著性检验
- 多步预测只报 h=1,回避长期表现
- 用修订后数据假装实时预测
## 输出格式
```
【预测对象 + horizon】<指标>,h = <…>
【样本划分】训练/测试 / 递归 / 滚动(无泄漏 □)
【基准】RW / AR / 其他 <…>
【误差度量】RMSE □ MAE □ 方向准确率 □
【显著性】Diebold-Mariano / Clark-West □
【实时性】real-time / revised
【下一步】jqte-sensitivity / jqte-tables-figures
```
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