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Acr Institutional Standards

ASecurity

Use when writing or verifying the institutional / accounting-standard / regulatory background for a 《会计研究》 (Accounting Research) manuscript — getting standard clauses, regulatory rules, and effective dates exactly right, since precise institutional detail is a defining bar of this journal. Use before measurement and identification.

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Added 6/4/2026
ai-agents

Security Analysis

A100/100

Scanned 6/4/2026

Install to Claude Code

$npx -y skills add brycewang-stanford/Awesome-Journal-Skills --skill acr-institutional-standards --agent claude-code

Installs into .claude/skills of the current project.

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SKILL.md
---
name: acr-institutional-standards
description: Use when writing or verifying the institutional / accounting-standard / regulatory background for a 《会计研究》 (Accounting Research) manuscript — getting standard clauses, regulatory rules, and effective dates exactly right, since precise institutional detail is a defining bar of this journal. Use before measurement and identification.
---

# 制度与准则背景(acr-institutional-standards)

## 触发时机

- 制度背景段写得含糊("近年来准则不断完善"这类)
- 要用准则/监管变更做识别,但说不清是哪条、何时实施
- 引用了准则但没核实条款编号、生效时点、适用范围
- 审稿人质疑"制度背景不准确 / 准则理解有误"

## 为什么这是本刊的命门

《会计研究》是 CSSCI 唯一会计刊、由中国会计学会主办,审稿人对**准则条款与监管规则极其敏感**。制度背景段写错一处(准则名称、文号、生效日、适用主体),整篇可信度会被怀疑。这是与一般公司金融稿最大的写作差异。

## 制度背景段要素(缺一不可)

1. **准则/规则的准确名称与发文主体**:财政部(企业会计准则)、证监会、交易所、审计准则委员会等
2. **文号与版本**:如"《企业会计准则第 14 号——收入》(财会〔2017〕22 号)"——文号、年份须核实
3. **生效/施行时点与过渡安排**:分类分批实施的,区分境内外上市、大中小企业的时间表
4. **适用范围与豁免**:哪些主体强制、哪些自愿、是否有衔接规定
5. **制度变更的"外生性"论证**:为何该变更对样本企业近似外生(监管驱动、统一推行)

## 常被写错的高频点(务必核实,勿凭记忆)

| 易错处 | 提示 |
|--------|------|
| 准则编号/名称 | 收入、租赁、金融工具准则均有修订版,编号与发文年份要对 |
| 分批施行时间 | 同一准则对不同类别主体施行日不同,识别窗口取决于此 |
| 强制 vs 自愿 | 内控审计、关键审计事项等的强制范围与起始年份 |
| 监管文件层级 | 准则 / 应用指南 / 解释 / 监管问答,效力与约束力不同 |
| 趋同 ≠ 等同 | IFRS 趋同有保留差异,勿混为完全一致 |

> 不确定的条款/时点一律标注核实,引用官方原文(财政部会计司、证监会、交易所公告),不要根据印象书写。

## 与识别的衔接

- 干净的**准则/监管外生变更**是本刊黄金识别来源;制度段要为 `acr-identification` 的 DID/事件研究**界定处理组、处理时点、对照组**。
- 处理时点必须与准则**实际施行日**一致,而非发布日(除非论证预期效应)。

## 自检清单

- [ ] 准则名称、文号、年份逐一核实,附官方出处
- [ ] 生效/施行时点准确,区分分批与过渡安排
- [ ] 适用范围(强制/自愿、主体类别)写清
- [ ] 外生性论证到位,支撑识别策略
- [ ] 制度段为处理组/时点/对照组提供依据

## 反模式

- "近年来我国会计准则日益完善"式空泛背景
- 把发布日当施行日做事件窗口
- 准则编号或文号凭记忆,未核官方文件
- 称"已完全采用 IFRS"忽略保留差异

## 输出格式

```
【制度抓手】<准则/监管名称 + 文号 + 发文主体>
【施行时点】<施行日,分批则列时间表> [已核实/待核实]
【适用范围】强制/自愿 + 主体类别
【外生性】<监管统一推行的论证>
【与识别衔接】处理组□ 处理时点□ 对照组□
【下一步】acr-measurement
```

Attribution

brycewang-stanfordbrycewang-stanford
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