Fullstack Dev
BSecurityFull-stack backend architecture and frontend-backend integration guide. TRIGGER when: building a full-stack app, creating REST API with frontend, scaffolding backend service, building todo app, building CRUD app, building real-time app, building chat app, Express + React, Next.js API, Node.js backend, Python backend, Go backend, designing service layers, implementing error handling, managing config/auth, setting up API clients, implementing auth flows, handling file uploads, adding real-time ...
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[](https://www.skillsdirectory.com/skills/infometa-fullstack-dev-2dd25831)---
name: fullstack-dev
description: |
Full-stack backend architecture and frontend-backend integration guide.
TRIGGER when: building a full-stack app, creating REST API with frontend, scaffolding backend service,
building todo app, building CRUD app, building real-time app, building chat app,
Express + React, Next.js API, Node.js backend, Python backend, Go backend,
designing service layers, implementing error handling, managing config/auth,
setting up API clients, implementing auth flows, handling file uploads,
adding real-time features (SSE/WebSocket), hardening for production.
DO NOT TRIGGER when: pure frontend UI work, pure CSS/styling, database schema only,
simple scripts, bug fixes, single-file changes, adding a small feature to existing code.
description_zh: "全栈应用架构与开发指南"
description_en: "Full-stack architecture guide (REST API, Express, React, Next.js)"
license: MIT
metadata:
category: full-stack
version: "1.1.0"
---
# Full-Stack Development Practices
## MANDATORY WORKFLOW
**触发此 skill 后,必须按以下步骤执行:**
### Step 0: Gather Requirements
确认以下信息(如用户已指定则跳过):
1. **Stack**: 后端+前端语言/框架
2. **Service type**: API-only / 全栈单体 / 微服务
3. **Database**: SQL / NoSQL
4. **Integration**: REST / GraphQL / tRPC / gRPC
5. **Real-time**: SSE / WebSocket / Polling /不需要
6. **Auth**: JWT / Session / OAuth / 不需要
### Step 1: Architectural Decisions
基于需求做出并声明决策(每个决策一句话):
| 决策项 | 参考 |
|--------|------|
|项目结构 | Feature-first(推荐)vs Layer-first |
| API 客户端 | Typed fetch / React Query / tRPC / OpenAPI |
| 认证策略 | JWT + refresh / session / 第三方 |
| 实时方案 | Polling / SSE / WebSocket |
| 错误处理 | Typed error hierarchy + global handler |
### Step 2: Scaffold with Checklist
**后端服务 Checklist:**
- [ ] Feature-first 项目结构
- [ ] 配置集中管理,环境变量启动时验证(fail fast)
- [ ] 类型化错误层级(非通用 Error)
- [ ] 全局错误处理中间件
- [ ] 结构化 JSON 日志 + request ID
- [ ] 数据库 Migration +连接池
- [ ] 输入验证(Zod / Pydantic / Go validator)
- [ ] 认证中间件
- [ ] 健康检查端点(`/health`, `/ready`)
- [ ] 优雅关闭(SIGTERM)
- [ ] CORS 配置(显式 origin)
- [ ] 安全头(helmet等)
- [ ] `.env.example`(不含真实密钥)
**前后端集成 Checklist:**
- [ ] 类型化 API Client
- [ ] Base URL 从环境变量读取
- [ ] Auth token 自动附加
- [ ] API 错误映射为用户友好消息
- [ ] Loading 状态处理
- [ ] 跨边界类型安全
- [ ] CORS 显式配置
- [ ] Refresh token 流程
### Step 3: Implement
按照 references 中的模式编写代码。每完成一个模块立即验证。
### Step 4: Verify
```bash
# 构建检查
cd server && npm run build
cd client && npm run build
# 冒烟测试
curl http://localhost:3000/health
# 集成检查:前端能连通后端
```
### Step 5: Handoff
```
📦 交付:
- 实现的功能和端点列表
- 启动命令
- 已知限制 / 下一步建议
- 关键文件列表
```
---
## 7条铁律
1. 按**Feature** 组织代码,不按技术层
2. Controller 不含业务逻辑
3. Service 不导入 HTTP 请求/响应类型
4. 所有配置来自环境变量,启动时验证
5. 所有错误类型化、结构化返回
6. 所有输入在边界处验证
7. 结构化 JSON 日志 + request ID
---
## 详细参考文档(按需查阅)
需要具体代码模式和深入指导时,查阅以下参考文档:
| 主题 | 参考文件 |
|------|---------|
| 项目结构、三层架构、DI 模式 | [references/architecture-patterns.md](references/architecture-patterns.md) |
| API 设计(URL、状态码、分页) | [references/api-design.md](references/api-design.md) |
| 认证流程(JWT、刷新、RBAC) | [references/auth-flow.md](references/auth-flow.md) |
| 数据库 Schema、索引、迁移 | [references/db-schema.md](references/db-schema.md) |
| Django 最佳实践 | [references/django-best-practices.md](references/django-best-practices.md) |
| 环境管理与CORS | [references/environment-management.md](references/environment-management.md) |
| 发布检查清单 | [references/release-checklist.md](references/release-checklist.md) |
| 技术选型决策 | [references/technology-selection.md](references/technology-selection.md) |
| 测试策略 | [references/testing-strategy.md](references/testing-strategy.md) |
---
## 反模式速查
|❌ 不要| ✅ 应该 |
|---------|---------|
| 业务逻辑写在路由/Controller | 移到 Service 层 |
| `process.env` 散落各处 | 集中配置模块 |
| `console.log` | 结构化 JSON Logger |
| 通用 `Error('oops')` | 类型化错误类|
| Controller 直接查DB | Repository 模式 |
| 无输入验证 | 边界验证(Zod/Pydantic) |
| 静默吞错 | 日志 + 重抛或返回错误 |
| 无健康检查 | `/health` + `/ready` |
| 硬编码配置密钥 | 环境变量 |
| 无优雅关闭 | 处理 SIGTERM |
| 前端硬编码 API URL | 环境变量 |
| JWT 存localStorage | Memory + httpOnly cookie |
| 展示原始 API错误 | 映射为用户友好消息 |
| 大文件走 API Server | Presigned URL 直传 |
Files in this skill
- SKILL.md
- references/api-design.md
- references/architecture-patterns.md
- references/auth-flow.md
- references/db-schema.md
- references/django-best-practices.md
- references/environment-management.md
- references/release-checklist.md
- references/technology-selection.md
- references/testing-strategy.md
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