Laravel Api

---
name: laravel-api
description: Build REST endpoints with API Resources, Sanctum authentication, and versioned route groups in Laravel. Use when creating JsonResource classes, adding token-based auth, or defining rate-limited API routes.
metadata:
  triggers:
    files:
    - 'routes/api.php'
    - 'app/Http/Resources/**/*.php'
    keywords:
    - resource
    - collection
    - sanctum
    - passport
    - cors
---
# Laravel API

## **Priority: P1 (HIGH)**

## Workflow: Create New API Endpoint

1. **Generate resource** — `php artisan make:resource UserResource`.
2. **Define toArray()** — Specify exact output fields; never return raw models.
3. **Add route** — Register in `routes/api.php` with version prefix and throttle middleware.
4. **Secure with Sanctum** — Apply `auth:sanctum` middleware to protected routes.
5. **Return proper status codes** — 201 for Created, 422 for Validation, 204 for No Content.

## API Resource Example

See [implementation examples](references/implementation.md#api-resource-example) for complete API Resource with collection usage.

## Implementation Guidelines

### API Resources & Transformation

- **API Resources**: Always use **`ApiResource`** classes extending **`JsonResource`** for data transformation.
- **Collections**: Use **`UserResource::collection($users)`** for lists. Never use `response()->json($model)` or return raw models directly.
- **Data Definition**: Implement **`toArray($request)`** to define specific output fields and prevent sensitive data leakage.
- **Generation**: Use **`php artisan make:resource UserResource`** to scaffold new resources.

### Authentication & Security

- **Sanctum**: Use **`auth:sanctum`** middleware in `routes/api.php` for SPAs or mobile app authentication.
- **Traits**: Add **`HasApiTokens`** trait to your `User` model to enable token-based authentication.
- **Token Management**: Issue tokens using **`$user->createToken('token-name')->plainTextToken`**.
- **OAuth2**: Use **Passport** only if standard OAuth2 flows or client grants required.

### Routing & Performance

- **Versioning**: Group routes with **`Route::prefix('v1')->group(...)`** and use versioned namespaces (e.g., `App\Http\Controllers\Api\V1`).
- **Rate Limiting**: Define **`RateLimiter::for('api', ...)`** using **`Limit::perMinute(60)`** in **`AppServiceProvider`**.
- **Middleware**: Apply **`throttle:api`** middleware to route groups in `routes/api.php`.
- **Status Codes**: Return 201 for Created, 422 for Validation errors, and 204 for No Content.

## Anti-Patterns

- **No raw model returns**: Use API Resources; prevents data leakage.
- **No `response()->json()`**: Use API Resource classes instead.
- **No session auth for APIs**: Use Sanctum or Passport tokens.
- **No static URLs in JSON**: Use route names or HATEOAS links.

## References

- [API Resource Patterns](references/implementation.md)

## Canonical response anchors

When this skill applies, preserve the following domain terminology or equivalent concrete examples in the answer when relevant:
- ApiResource
- routes/api.php
- toArray()

- Additional task-grounded exact anchors: UserResource